BIBLICAL
THEOLOGY
"Have I not written to you excellent things of counsels and knowledge,
that I may make you know the certainty of the words of truth,
that you may answer words of truth to those who send to you?"
(Proverbs 22:20-21)
Harvestime International Network
http://www.harvestime.org
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
An Introduction To Theology 3
Chapter One: Paterology: God The Father 6
Chapter Two: Christology: Jesus Christ 27
Chapter Three: Pneumatology: Holy Spirit 59
Chapter Four: Angelology: Angels 91
Chapter Five: Demonology: Satan And Demons l05
Chapter Six: Bibliology: The Bible 121
Chapter Seven: Harmartiology: Sin 144
Chapter Eight: Soteriology: Salvation 157
Chapter Nine: Ecclesiology: The Church 171
Chapter Ten: Eschatology: Prophecy, The End-times, Eternity 185
Epilogue 198
Answers To Self-Tests 199
AN INTRODUCTION TO THEOLOGY
THE DEFINITION OF THEOLOGY
The word "theology" comes from two Greek words, theos meaning "God" and logos meaning "the word about" or "the study of" God as He is revealed in the Scriptures. Simply defined, theology is an in-depth study of the Holy Bible to discover what God has said about Himself, His purposes, His plans, and His promises.
THE SUBJECTS OF THEOLOGY
The major subjects of theology includes the study of:
-Paterology: The study of God, the Father.
-Christology: The study of the Son, Jesus Christ.
-Pneumatology: The study of the Holy Spirit.
-Angelology: The study of angels.
-Demonology: The study of Satan and demons.
-Bibliology: The study of the Holy Bible, which is the revelation of God.
-Harmartiology: The study of sin.
-Soteriology: The study of salvation which is God's provision for sin.
-Ecclesiology: The study of the Church.
-Eschatology: The study of biblical prophecy, the end-times, and eternity.
These words are not used in the Bible, but are terms used by scholars to describe the major subjects of theology. Entire volumes have been written on each of these subjects--a book could easily be written on each topic. The purpose of this study, however, is to provide a summary for independent learning and/or teaching of basic theological concepts. It uses the Scriptures as the primary resource, and does not deal with conflicting theological arguments.
THE CENTRAL THEME
The Bible reveals the mystery of God’s plan which is the unifying theme of the Bible. It is the revelation of Jesus Christ as the Savior of sinful mankind. Jesus explained how the Old Testament centered on Him: "And He said unto them, These are the words which I spake unto you while I was yet with you, that all things must be fulfilled, which were written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the psalms concerning me" (Luke 24:44). With this introduction, Jesus continued and "...opened He their understanding that they might understand the scriptures" (Luke 24:45). What was the key Jesus gave them to understanding the Scriptures? The fact that its major theme focused on Him: "...Thus it is written, and thus it behooved Christ to suffer, and to rise from the dead the third day: And that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in His name among all nations, beginning at Jerusalem. And Ye are witnesses of these things" (Luke 24:46-48).
The Old and New Testaments both tell the story of Jesus. The Old Testament prepares us for His coming and the New Testament tells how it happened. This unites the entire Bible and the study of Biblical theology in one major theme: Jesus Christ.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THEOLOGY
There are several important reasons for studying and understanding the major teachings of Scripture.
-Theology is important for personal spiritual growth and development so that you may "...grow in grace, and in the knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ" (2 Peter 3:18). Growth takes time in the natural world as well as the spiritual world. Some theological truths can only be understood over a period of time. For example, if you are a new believer, you may not understand the faithfulness of God as well as someone who has served the Lord for years.
-Theology is important in order to avoid doctrinal error. The first sin resulted from the enemy questioning "..Has God said?" (Genesis 3:1). If you do not know what God has said in His Word regarding foundational issues of faith, then you may fall into doctrinal error and--ultimately--into sin.
-Theology is vital in order to be able to explain Biblical truths to unbelievers and be prepared to give an answer for the hope which is within you (1 Peter 3:15).
-Theology is essential for your spiritual walk and ministry. As in all Bible study, you should seek heart knowledge--not just head knowledge--through application of what you learn. The purpose of revelation is not just to obtain information, but to allow revelation to result in application to and transformation of your life.
HOW TO USE THIS STUDY
You may choose to study or teach the entire course on Biblical Theology or you can select individual topics and focus on a single subject. To receive the full benefits of this study:
-Theology must be approached with a spiritual mind because "...the natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God: for they are foolishness unto him: neither can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned" (1 Corinthians 2:14). A spiritual mind is one that has been transformed by the new birth experience and is immersed in and consumed by a passion for God and His Word.
-All verses referenced in the manual should be read and studied.
-Additional Harvestime International Network materials that relate specifically to the theological subjects discussed in this study will be mentioned where applicable and should be consulted.
SELF-TEST
1. Define theology.
________________________________________
2. Define Paterology.
________________________________________
3. Define Christology.
________________________________________
4. Define Pneumatology.
________________________________________
5. Define Angelology.
________________________________________
6. Define Demonology.
________________________________________
7. Define Bibliology.
________________________________________
8. Define Harmartiology.
________________________________________
9. Define Soteriology.
________________________________________
10. Define Ecclesiology.
________________________________________
11. Define Eschatology.
________________________________________
12. Upon whom does the subject of the Bible and Biblical theology focus?
________________________________________
13. List four reasons why it is important to study theology.
_________________________________ ___________________________________
_________________________________ ___________________________________
(Answers to tests are provided at the conclusion of the final chapter in this manual.)
CHAPTER ONE
PATEROLOGY
God The Father
DEFINITION
Paterology comes from two Greek words which mean "father" and "word". When combined and used in terms of theology, they mean "the study of the Father". Common subjects studied in Paterology include the knowledge of the existence of God, the Trinity of God, the attributes of God, the names of God, His sovereignty, and His purposes and plans.
THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE EXISTENCE GOD
We obtain knowledge of God in the following ways:
-From Creation.
The first words in Genesis are: "In the beginning God created..." Genesis chapters 1-3 record that God is the creator. If you do not believe these first five words, then you will be unable to understand or accept the remaining truths of biblical theology. God created both the natural and spiritual worlds.
Here are some other verses confirming God as Creator:
O Lord of hosts, God of Israel, enthroned above the cherubim, you are the God, you alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth; you have made heaven and earth. (Isaiah 37:16)
Ah, Lord God! It is you who have made the heavens and the earth by your great power and by your outstretched arm! Nothing is too hard for you. (Jeremiah 32:17)
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things were made through him, and without him was not any thing made that was made. (John 1:1-3)
For by him all things were created, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities—all things were created through him and for him. (Colossians 1:16)
God created everything--the universe, the earth, plants, animals, water, light, seasons, etc. His greatest creation was man who was made in His image.
All creation continues to be sustained by God:
He waters the mountains from His upper chambers; The earth is satisfied with the fruit of His works. He causes the grass to grow for the cattle, And vegetation for the labor of man, So that he may bring forth food from the earth, (Psalm 104:13-14)
He is before all things, and in Him all things hold together. (Colossians 1:17)
And He is the radiance of His glory and the exact representation of His nature, and upholds all things by the word of His power When He had made purification of sins, He sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high. (Hebrews 1:3)
Creation actually declares and confirms the existence of God:
The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth his handywork. Day unto day uttereth speech, and night unto night sheweth knowledge. There is no speech nor language, where their voice is not heard. (Psalm 19:1-3)
The heavens declare his righteousness, and all the people see his glory. (Psalm 97:6)
For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse. (Romans 1:20)
-From History.
History confirms the existence of Jesus Christ, the Son of God--His birth, ministry, death, and resurrection. Historical records of kings, wars, and other events in the Bible are also confirmed by history. Archeological digs have also confirmed many cities, villages, and events mentioned in the Bible.
-From Tradition.
Accurate knowledge of God is passed from one generation to the next.
-From Experience.
Through the new birth experience, people come to a knowledge of the living God. Experiences such as dreams and visions may also provide knowledge of the true God, as do experiences of observing God at work in the lives of others in miracles and transformation.
-From Revelation.
The greatest confirmation of the existence of God is found in the Word of God through numerous statements such as these:
I am God, even thy God...(Psalm 50:7)
Look unto me, and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth: for I am God , and there is none else. (Isaiah 45:22)
...I am God, and there is none else; I am God, and there is none like me. (Isaiah 46:9)
THE TRINITY OF GOD
The one true God is revealed in three distinct personalities of the Father, the Son Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit. They are one in essence, one God with three distinct natures. The doctrine of the Trinity must be accepted by faith, as it is difficult to grasp with our finite minds.
The first person of the Trinity of God is called the Father. He is the father of:
-Israel: Exodus 4:22
-The angels: Job 38:7
-Jesus Christ: John 17:1
-All believers: John 1:12-13
In the Old Testament, the Hebrew word for God, "Elohim", is a plural word. Plural pronouns are used of God (Genesis 1:26), and the angel of Jehovah is deemed to be Old Testament appearances of Christ (Judges 2:1-5). The strongest Old Testament verse for the doctrine of the Trinity is:
Come ye near unto me, hear ye this; I have not spoken in secret from the beginning; from the time that it was, there am I: and now the Lord God, and his Spirit, hath sent me. (Isaiah 48:16)
In the New Testament, the Father, Son and Spirit are confirmed to be divine, to do the works of God, and to be worshipped. Much is written about the deity of Jesus (examples in John 1:1; Titus 2:13), yet He is distinguished from the Father and the Spirit. The Spirit is also God (Matthew 28:19-20; Acts 5:3-5), but distinguished from the Father and the Son.
God has a triune nature with three distinct personalities, yet He is one God:
Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God is one Lord. (Deuteronomy 6:4)
There are several Scriptures which confirm this triune nature of God. When Jesus was being baptized by John the Baptist in the Jordan River, God spoke and the Holy Spirit descended:
And Jesus, when He was baptized, went up straightway out of the water: and, lo, the heavens were opened unto Him, and He saw the Spirit of God descending like a
dove, and lighting upon Him: And lo, a voice from Heaven saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased. (Matthew 3:16-17)
Prior to returning to Heaven after His ministry on earth, Jesus spoke of the Holy Spirit coming from God:
But when the Comforter is come, whom I will send unto you from the Father, even the Spirit of truth, which proceedeth from the Father, He shall testify of me.(John 15:26)
The Apostle Peter spoke of the triune nature of God:
If ye be reproached for the name of Christ, happy are ye; for the Spirit of glory and of God resteth upon you: on their part He is evil spoken of, but on your part He is glorified. (1 Peter 4:14)
The Apostle Paul spoke of the Trinity in his writings:
For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus hath made me free from the law of sin and death. For what the law could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh, God sending His own Son, in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sin, condemned sin in the flesh.
(Romans 8:2-3)
The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the communion of the
Holy Ghost, be with you all. (2 Corinthians 13:14)
For through Him (the Son) we both have access by one Spirit unto the Father.
(Ephesians 2:18)
The book of Acts also verifies the triune nature of God:
Therefore being by the right hand of God exalted, and having received of the Father the promise of the Holy Ghost, He (Jesus) hath shed forth this, which ye now see and hear. (Acts 2:33)
THE ATTRIBUTES OF GOD
God the Father, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit are described in the Bible in terms of their nature. When we speak of "nature" we mean basic qualities which describe God. These qualities are also known as "attributes" which means "characteristics." The Bible reveals that God is...
Eternal.
The Trinity of God is eternal with no beginning and no ending:
Lord, Thou hast been our dwelling place in all generations. Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever Thou hadst formed the earth and the world, even from everlasting to everlasting, Thou art God. (Psalms 90:1-2)
And Abraham planted a grove in Beersheba, and called there on the name of the
Lord, the everlasting God. (Genesis 21:33)
The eternal nature of God can be illustrated by a circle. The circle has no visible starting point or ending point, yet it exists.
A Spirit.
God is a spirit. This means He is without flesh and blood and therefore invisible to the natural eyes of man:
God is a Spirit: and they that worship Him must worship Him in spirit and in truth. (John 4:24)
Sovereign.
God is sovereign--the ruling power over all the universe. Read Ephesians l and Romans 9.
Omnipresent.
God is present everywhere:
For the eyes of the Lord run to and fro throughout the whole earth... (2 Chronicles 16:9)
The eyes of the Lord are in every place, beholding the evil and the good. (Proverbs 15:3)
Whither shall I go from Thy Spirit? Or whither shall I flee from Thy presence? If I ascend up into Heaven, Thou art there: if I make my bed in Hell, behold, Thou are there. (Psalms 139:7-8)
Omniscient.
God knows all things:
...Thou knowest it altogether. (Psalms 139:4)
...God is greater than our heart, and knoweth all things. (1 John 3:20)
...But all things are naked and opened unto the eyes of Him with whom we have to do. (Hebrews 4:13)
Omnipotent.
God is all powerful:
...I am the Almighty God... (Genesis 17:1)
...With God all things are possible. (Matthew 19:26)
...For the Lord God omnipotent reigneth. (Revelation 19:6)
God hath spoken once; twice have I heard this; that power belongeth unto God.
(Psalms 62:11)
Unchanging.
God does not change His person, nature, or divine purposes:
For I am the Lord, I change not... (Malachi 3:6)
Jesus Christ the same yesterday, to day, and for ever. (Hebrews 13:8)
Holy/righteous.
God is sinless, absolutely pure:
...Ye shall be holy: for I the Lord your God am holy. (Leviticus 19:2)
Just.
God is fair and impartial in judgment:
...A God of truth and without iniquity, just and right is He. (Deuteronomy 32:4)
Faithful.
God keeps His promises and is absolutely trustworthy.
...He abideth faithful: He cannot deny Himself. (2 Timothy 2:13)
Benevolent.
God is good, kind, and desires your welfare. He is benevolent towards all of His creatures:
The Lord is good to all: and His tender mercies are over all His works. (Psalms 145:9)
Merciful.
God shows continuous mercy to sinful mankind:
...The Lord God, merciful and gracious, long suffering, and abundant in goodness and truth. Keeping mercy for thousands... (Exodus 34:6-7)
Gracious.
God shows undeserved kindness to sinful man:
...For I am gracious. (Exodus 22:27)
The Lord is gracious, and full of compassion; slow to anger, and of great mercy.
(Psalms 145:8)
Loving.
God is love:
He that loveth not knoweth not God; for God is love. (1 John 4:8)
Longsuffering.
God "suffers long"--meaning that He does not immediately judge sin, but appeals to all men to repent and patiently waits for them to acknowledge their sins and turn to Him.
Wise.
God shows deep understanding and keen discernment.
The Lord by wisdom hath founded the earth; by understanding hath He established the heavens. (Proverbs 3:19)
Infinite.
God is not subject to natural and human limitations. He is not subject to the limitations of space:
But will God indeed dwell on the earth? behold, the heaven and heaven of heavens cannot contain thee: how much less this house that I have builded? (1 Kings 8:27)
He is not subject to the limitations of time:
The Lord shall reign for ever and ever. (Exodus 15:18)
See also 1 Kings 8:27; Exodus 15:18; Deuteronomy 33:27; Nehemiah 9:5; Psalms 90:2; Jeremiah 10:10; and Revelation 4:8-10.
NAMES OF GOD
God has revealed himself in many ways in the Holy Bible, including His names through which He has revealed His nature and character. The word "God" (one who is worshiped) is a title men use to describe the Supreme Being. In the Bible names are more than an identification. They are descriptive of the bearer of the name. The names for God include:
-Jehovah: Means Lord.
-Jehovah-Rapha: "The Lord that healeth": Exodus 15:26
-Jehovah-Nissi: "The Lord our banner": Exodus 17:8-15
-Jehovah-Shalom: "The Lord our peace": Judges 6:24
-Jehovah-Ra'ah: "The Lord my shepherd": Psalms 23:1
-Jehovah-Tsidkenu: "The Lord our righteousness": Jeremiah 23:6
-Jehovah-Jireh: "The Lord who provides": Genesis 22:14
-Jehovah-Shammah: "The Lord is there": Ezekiel 48:35
-Elohim: Means God and is used where the creative power of God is implied:
Acts 17:28; John 1:12-13
-Father: Abba--Heavenly Father: Romans 8:15
-Adonai: Means Lord or Master: Exodus 23:17; Isaiah 10:16,33
-El: This is often used in combination with other words for God:
-El Shaddai: "The God who is sufficient for the needs of His people": Exodus 6:3
-Elolam: "The everlasting God": Genesis 21:33
-El Elyon: "Most high God, exalted above all other gods": Genesis 14:18-20
THE SOVEREIGNTY OF GOD
The best statement of the sovereign plan of God is the summary in the Westminster Shorter Catechism: “The decrees of God are His eternal purpose, according to the counsel of His will, whereby, for His own glory, He hath foreordained whatsoever comes to pass.”
The details of the plan of God are revealed clearly in Romans 9 and Ephesians 1:11: “...in whom we also were called, having been foreordained according to the plan of him who works out all things in conformity with the counsel of his will.”
These decrees of God are to be distinguished from God’s will in regards to His commands and
prohibitions which are clearly laid out in His Word. For example, the fall of man--which resulted from the command to “not to eat the fruit”--was foreknown by God, but He is not the author of sin in any way. Mankind has free will and is responsible for their choices. The command of God was not to eat the fruit, yet He knew that man would eat the fruit.
Jesus taught that His death was not an accident, but rather according to the foreordained and decreed plan of God (Luke 22:22). Peter states regarding the crucifixion that Jesus was handed over to the people by “God’s set purpose and foreknowledge”. Yet in neither of these cases are the sins of these people or the moral and spiritual consequences minimized. People are responsible for their choices, even though those choices were foreknown by God.
Jesus said “woe” to the person who betrayed Him and Peter referred to the men as “wicked” who crucified Him (Acts 2:22-24). The early Church implicated Herod, Pontius Pilate, the Jews, and Gentiles in this awful deed, claiming that they had done what “God’s hand and will determined beforehand should happen”. Again, this confirms that God knows the future because He decreed what would come to pass.
We are predestined in one sense, in that all mankind is predisposed to sin because of the basic sin nature:
Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned. (Romans 5:12)
According to Romans 8:29, however, God's predetermined plan is that we all be conformed to the image of His Son through salvation and the new birth experience: "...For whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of his Son." A sovereign God knows who will chose His plan, and who will reject it--yet without violating man's free will.
God is sovereign over all the world:
-He controls the physical universe: Matthew 5:45; Acts 14:17.
-He controls animals: Psalm 147:9; Matthew 6:26.
-He controls nations: Daniel 2:38-39; 4:17,25; Romans 13:1.
-He controls individuals: Galatians 1:15-16; Luke 1:52; Philippians 4:19; Matthew 10:30.
-He controls the destiny of the wicked: Psalm 11:6.
THE PURPOSES OF GOD
God's purpose is not a vague purpose or a "hoped for" purpose. The purpose of God is clearly communicated in His Word. Perhaps one of the best summaries of His purpose is given in the book of Ephesians. Here is God's statement of purpose:
According to the eternal purpose which He purposed in Christ Jesus our Lord...Having made known unto us the mystery of His will, according to His good pleasure which He hath purposed in Himself; That in the dispensation of the fullness of times, He might gather together in one all things in Christ, both which are in Heaven, and which are on earth, even in Him. (Ephesians 3:11;1:9-10)
God wants to bring all men into right spiritual relationship with Himself:
The Lord is not slack concerning His promise, as some men count slackness; but is longsuffering to us-ward, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance. (2 Peter 3:9)
God's purpose is that all people experience forgiveness of sins through Jesus Christ, come into right relationship with Him, and become part of the Kingdom of God (John 3). The Bible assures that God's purposes will be accomplished:
The Lord of hosts hath sworn, saying, Surely as I have thought, so shall it come to pass; and as I have purposed, so shall it stand. (Isaiah 14:24)
This is the purpose that is purposed upon the whole earth: and this is the hand that is stretched out upon all the nations. For the Lord of hosts hath purposed and who shall disannul it? and his hand is stretched out, and who shall turn it back? (Isaiah 14:26-27)
THE PLANS OF GOD
God not only has an established purpose, He implements plans to achieve that purpose. God uses individuals, nations, Jesus, the Holy Spirit, and the Church to accomplish His plans.
Individuals.
From the beginning of time as we now know it, God has worked through individuals to accomplish His purposes. The Bible is filled with stories of how God used different men and women as part of His plan.
In Old Testament times God raised up great leaders like Noah, Abraham, Joseph, and Moses. He also anointed prophets, kings, and judges to accomplish His purposes. In New Testament times, God used individuals like John the Baptist, the disciples of Jesus, Paul, Timothy, Barnabas and many others.
God even took sinful men who would not conform to His plan and reversed their evil plans to accomplish His purposes. God did not cause their sinful actions, but He worked through them and in spite of them to achieve His will. For example, God said regarding the wicked Pharaoh in Egypt:
And in very deed for this cause have I raised thee up, for to shew in thee my power; and that my name may be declared throughout all the earth. (Exodus 9:16)
Nations.
In Old Testament times God raised up the nation of Israel to accomplish His purpose in the world. As a nation, Israel was mandated to reveal God's plan to the heathen nations of the world. Repeatedly, they failed in this responsibility.
Because of this, judgment came upon Israel through the heathen nations which lived around them. God was so determined to accomplish His plan that He worked through the evil acts of these sinful nations, although He did not condone their actions and held them accountable.
Jesus Christ.
Early in history, God promised a Savior through whom forgiveness from sin would be available to all mankind. The promise was first given to Adam and Eve after their sin in the Garden of Eden. God said:
And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel. (Genesis 3:15)
This was the beginning of many promises of a Savior. For a long time God did not reveal the details of how He would accomplish this plan. It was a great mystery. Later, in the time of the Old Testament prophets, God shared additional details of His plan. In New Testament times, these details were fulfilled and the mystery revealed when God sent His only Son, the Lord Jesus Christ, to die for the sins of all mankind:
No longer was God's plan a mystery. His plans and purpose were revealed openly in Jesus Christ: Having made known unto us the mystery of His will, according to His good pleasure which He hath purposed in Himself; That in the dispensation of the fullness of times, He might gather together in one all things in Christ, both which are in Heaven, and which are on earth, even in Him. (Ephesians 1:9-10)
From childhood, Jesus knew God's purpose was to provide salvation for all mankind and restore all men and nations into fellowship with Him. Jesus lived His life on earth to accomplish God's purposes. Even as a child, Jesus was concerned--not with His own plans and purposes--but with those of God the Father. When His parents thought He was lost and eventually found Him...
...He said unto them, How is it that ye sought me? wist ye not that I must be about my Father's business? (Luke 2:49)
The ministry of Jesus focused on the purposes of God. Every plan, every decision, and every act focused on these purposes:
The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because He hath anointed me to preach the Gospel to the poor, He hath sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised. To preach the acceptable year of the Lord. (Luke 4:18-19)
Jesus commissioned His followers, which includes all true believers, to fulfill God's purposes:
Go ye therefore and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost; Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you; and lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world.
(Matthew 28:19-20)
The chapter on Christology in this study provides details on the ministry of Jesus.
The Holy Spirit.
The Holy Spirit is also part of God's plan. After Jesus returned to Heaven, a special power was given in an outpouring of the Holy Spirit described in Acts 2. This experience is called the baptism of the Holy Spirit. The power of the Holy Spirit was given to accomplish God's purposes in the world:
But yet shall receive power, after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you: and ye shall be witnesses unto me both in Jerusalem, and in all Judaea, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth. (Acts 1:8)
The Holy Spirit provides guidance and direction to believers to enable them to fulfill God's plans. Because the Holy Spirit knows the will of God, and because He searches and understands the spirit of man, He serves as the link between you and God to help you achieve these purposes:
And he that searcheth the hearts knoweth what is the mind of the Spirit, because he maketh intercession for the saints according to the will of God. (Romans 8:27)
The Holy Spirit works in partnership with you to accomplish God's will. As you speak God's Words, He convicts unbelievers of sin, leading them to accept the Gospel (John 16:7-11). The chapter on Pneumatology in this course provides additional teaching on the Holy Spirit.
The Church.
All true believers are part of the Church, which is now the instrument through which God works to accomplish His purpose and plans on earth:
And to make all men see what is the fellowship of the mystery, which from the beginning of the world hath been hid in God, who created all things by Jesus Christ: To the intent [this means it is God's purpose] that now unto the principalities and powers in heavenly places might be known by the church the manifold wisdom of God [God's plan and purpose]. (Ephesians 3:9-10, TAB)
God works in the lives of believers who are members of the Church to accomplish His purposes:
For it is God which worketh in you both to will and to do His good pleasure. (Philippians 2:13)
To "do His good pleasure" means He is working in you to accomplish His purposes in your life. This includes salvation, infilling of the Holy Spirit, using you to minister to others, and continuously conforming you to the image of His Son, Jesus Christ:
Neither yield ye your members as instruments of unrighteousness unto sin: but yield yourselves unto God, as those that are alive from the dead, and your members as instruments of righteousness unto God. (Romans 6:13)
When you yield yourself to become "instruments of righteousness unto God" it means you bring your life and ministry in harmony with His purpose and plans. By doing this, you become instruments through which He can work:
Now then, we are ambassadors for Christ... (2 Corinthians 5:20)
We then, as workers together with Him... (2 Corinthians 6:1)
If God does not work in and through you, then all of your work is in vain:
Except the Lord build the house, they labor in vain that built it; except the Lord keep the city, the watchman waketh but in vain. (Psalms 127:1)
Your ministry will not succeed unless it is built upon the eternal purposes of God, rather than man:
...For if their purpose or activity is of human origin, it will fail. But if it is from God, you will not be able to stop these men. You will only find yourselves fighting against God. (Acts 5:38-39, NIV)
Additional teaching on God's plan for the Church is provided in the chapter on Ecclesiology in this course.
SELF-TEST
1. Define Paterology.
________________________________________
2. What are some of the subjects studied in Paterology?
________________________________________
________________________________________
3. Explain how the following provide knowledge of the existence of God.
-Creation.
________________________________________
-History.
________________________________________
-Tradition.
________________________________________
-Experience.
________________________________________
-Revelation.
________________________________________
4. Using the discussion on the Trinity of God in this chapter, summarize what this term means and identify the three persons in the Trinity.
________________________________________
________________________________________
5. List some scriptures given in this chapter that confirm the triune nature of God.
________________________________________
________________________________________
6. Define the attributes of God discussed in this chapter.
-Eternal: ________________________________________
-A spirit:________________________________________
-Sovereign:________________________________________
-Infinite:________________________________________
-Omnipresent: ________________________________________
-Omniscient: ________________________________________
-Omnipotent:________________________________________
-Unchanging:________________________________________
-Holy/rightous:________________________________________
-Just:________________________________________
-Faithful: ________________________________________
-Benevolent:________________________________________
-Merciful: ________________________________________
-Gracious:________________________________________
-Loving:________________________________________
-Longsuffering:________________________________________
-Wise:________________________________________
-Infinite:________________________________________
7. What is the meaning of these names of God?
Jehovah: ________________________________________
Jehovah-Rapha: ________________________________________
Jehovah-Nissi: ________________________________________
Jehovah-Shalom: ________________________________________
Jehovah-Ra'ah: ________________________________________
Jehovah-Tsidkenu: ________________________________________
Jehovah-Jireh: ________________________________________
Jehovah-Shammah: ________________________________________
Elohim: ________________________________________
Father: ________________________________________
Adonai: ________________________________________
El: ________________________________________
El Shaddai: ________________________________________
Elolam: ________________________________________
El Elyon: ________________________________________
8. What is meant by the sovereign plan of God?
________________________________________
9. Using the discussion on the sovereign plan of God, answer the following questions:
- Does God know the future?
- Does His knowledge of the future eliminate man's free will of choice?
________________________________________
________________________________________
10. What scripture provides a summary of God's statement of purpose?
________________________________________
11. According to 2 Peter 3:9, what is God's desire?
________________________________________
12. What two verses assure that God's purposes will be accomplished?
________________________________________
________________________________________
13. Using the discussion in this chapter, summarize God's plan for individuals.
________________________________________
________________________________________
14. Using the discussion in this chapter, summarize God's plan for nations.
________________________________________
________________________________________
15. Using the discussion in this chapter, summarize God's plan for Jesus Christ.
________________________________________
________________________________________
16. Using the discussion in this chapter, summarize God's plan for the Holy Spirit.
________________________________________
________________________________________
17. Using the discussion in this chapter, summarize God's plan for the Church.
________________________________________
________________________________________
(Answers to tests are provided at the conclusion of the final chapter in this manual.)
SUPPLEMENTAL STUDIES
1. Here are some false theories regarding God that you may encounter:
-Atheism: Denies the existence of God.
-Agnosticism: Says one does not know or cannot know whether or not there is a God.
-Materialism: Claims the world is entirely a function of matter.
-Polytheism: The belief in many different gods.
-Pantheism: Claims God is everything and everything is God.
-Deism: Believes God is only revealed through nature.
-Animism: Claims all nature is alive with spirits which can help or harm mankind.
-Dualism: Acknowledges only good and evil
-Dynamism: Believes there is an impersonal life energy force pervading all things into which one can tap for good or evil.
-Evolution: Claims all creatures evolved as a process of change, including man.
2. Using the following references, study more about Paterology.
God the Father:
Matthew 11:27; 19:17,26; 22:32; 23:9
Mark 12:26-27,29; 10:18,27
Luke 10:22; 18:19,27; 20:37-38
John 4:24; 5:17,37; 6:46; 10:29; 14:28,31; 15:8
God created the world:
Genesis 1:1-32; 2:3-4; 5:1-2
Nehemiah 9:6
Job 38:1-41
Psalms 74:17; 89:11; 104:1-35; 115:15; 121:2; 124:8; 134:3; 136:6; 148:5
Proverbs 8:23-31
Ecclesiastes 3:11
Isaiah 40:28; 42:5; 43:1,7; 44:24; 45:8,12,18; 48:13; 54:16; 65:17
Jeremiah 10:12; 27:5; 31:22; 32:17; 51:15
Ezekiel 28:13,15
Amos 4:13
Zechariah 12:1
Malachi 2:10
John 1:3
Acts 4:24; 17:24
Romans 1:20
Ephesians 2:10; 3:9; 4:24
Revelation 10:6
God sustains the world by His power:
Psalms 75:3; 95:4
Colossians 1:16-17
Hebrews 1:3; 6:7
2 Peter 3:4
Revelation 4:11
God's triune nature:
Exodus 20:3
Deuteronomy 4:35,39; 6:4
1 Samuel 2:2
2 Samuel 7:22
1 Kings 8:60
2 Kings 19:15
Nehemiah 9:6
Isaiah 44:6-8
1 Timothy 1:17
His omnipresence:
Genesis 28:15-16
Deuteronomy 4:39
Joshua 2:11
Proverbs 15:3
Isaiah 66:1
Jeremiah 23:23-24
Amos 9:2-4,6
Acts 7:48-49
Ephesians 1:23.
His omniscience:
Genesis 18:18,19
2 Kings 8:10,13
Chronicles 28:9
Psalms 94:9; 139:1-16; 147:4-5
Proverbs 15:3
Isaiah 29:15-16; 40:28
Jeremiah 1:4,5
Ezekiel 11:5
Daniel 2:22,28
Amos 4:13
Luke 16:15
Acts 15:8,18
Romans 8:27,29
1 Corinthians 3:20
2 Timothy 2:19
Hebrews 4:13
1 Peter 1:2
1 John 3:20
His omnipotence:
Genesis 1:1; 17:1; 18:14
Exodus 15:7
Deuteronomy 3:24; 32:39
1 Chronicles 16:25
Job 40:2
Isaiah 40:12-15
Jeremiah 32:17
Ezekiel 10:5
Daniel 3:17; 4:35
Amos 4:13; 5:8
Zechariah 12:1
Matthew 19:26
Revelation 15:3; 19:6.
His holiness:
Exodus 15:11
Leviticus 11:44-45; 20:26
Joshua 24:19
1 Samuel 2:2
Psalms 5:4; 111:9; 145:17
Isaiah 6:3; 43:14-15
Jeremiah 23:9
Luke 1:49
James 1:13
1 Peter 1:15-16
Revelation 4:8; 15:3-4.
His faithfulness:
Exodus 34:6
Numbers 23:19
Deuteronomy 4:31
Joshua 21:43-45; 23:14
1 Samuel 15:29
Jeremiah 4:28
Isaiah 25:1
Ezekiel 12:25
Daniel 9:4
Micah 7:20
Luke 18:7-8
Romans 3:4; 15:8
1 Corinthians 1:9; 10:13
2 Corinthians 1:20
1 Thessalonians 5:24
2 Thessalonians 3:3
2 Timothy 2:13
Hebrews 6:18; 10:23
1 Peter 4:19
Revelation 15:3
His benevolence:
Psalms 25:8
Nahum 1:7
Psalms 145:9
Romans 2:4
Matthew 5:45
Psalms 31:19
Acts 14:17
Psalms 68:10; 85:5.
His mercy:
Titus 3:5
Lamentations 3:22
Daniel 9:9
Jeremiah 3:12
Psalms 32:5
Isaiah 49:13; 54:7.
His love:
Deuteronomy 7:8
Ephesians 2:4
Zephaniah 3:17
Isaiah 49:15-16
Romans 8:39
Hosea 11:4
Jeremiah 31:3.
CHAPTER TWO
CHRISTOLOGY
Jesus Christ
DEFINITION
Christology is composed of the words Christ, referring to Jesus Christ and ology, meaning "the study of." Thus, the word "Christology" deals with the study of Jesus Christ. It is one of three areas related to the study of the Triune God which also includes Paterology (the study of God the Father) and Pneumatology (the study of the Holy Spirit).
Common topics studied in Christology include the preexistence of Christ; prophecies about Him; His humanity and deity; His attributes, names, and titles; His birth, early life, ministry, death, resurrection, ascension, and return; and the offices He holds.
The study of Christology is important because Jesus is the unifying theme of all scripture, as revealed when "...beginning at Moses and all the prophets, he expounded unto them in all the scriptures the things concerning himself" (Luke 24:27).
THE PREEXISTENCE OF CHRIST
Prior to His earthly life, Jesus existed in eternity as the second person of the Triune Godhead. He was with God in the beginning and was God (John 1:1). John says the “word” became flesh, which implies that Jesus existed previous to His incarnation--a word which means that He became flesh (John 1:1,14).
Jesus Himself said that He had glory with the Father before the world was (John 17:5); that He had come from the Father (John 5:43; 6:38); and that He had existed before Abraham (John 8:58). Revelation 22:13 also confirms Christ's eternal existence when He declares: "I am the alpha and the omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end."
The Apostle Paul said that Christ was rich, but became poor; that He was “in the form of God” but “humbled himself”; and that He was “before all things” (Colossians 1:17). These phrases all confirm that Jesus existed prior to coming to earth (see also 1 Corinthians 15:45; and Philippians 2:6).
The Old Testament contains many prophecies about Jesus and the New Testament confirms their validity. A prophecy is an immediate word from God which reveals things about the future which cannot be known by natural wisdom. These prophecies reveal how, when, and where Jesus was to be born and details about His life, ministry, death, and resurrection--such as...
-The Messiah would be born in Bethlehem: Micah 5:2; Matthew 2:1; Luke 2:4-6.
-The Messiah would be born of a woman: Genesis 3:15; Matthew 1:20; Galatians 4:4.
-The Messiah would be born of a virgin: Isaiah 7:14; Matthew 1:22-23; Luke 1:26-31.
-The Messiah would come from the line of Abraham: Genesis 12:3;
22:18; Matthew 1:1;
Romans 9:5.
-The Messiah would be a descendant of Isaac: Genesis 17:19; 21:12; Luke 3:34.
-The Messiah would be a descendant of Jacob: Numbers 24:17; Matthew 1:2.
-The Messiah would come from the tribe of Judah: Genesis 49:10; Luke 3:33; Hebrews 7:14.
-The Messiah would be heir to King David's throne: 2 Samuel 7:12-13;
Isaiah 9:7;
Luke 1:32-33;
Romans 1:3.
-The Messiah's throne will be eternal: Psalm 45:6-7; Daniel 2:44; Luke 1:33; Hebrews 1:8-12.
-He would be called Immanuel: Isaiah 7:14; Matthew 1:23.
-He would be the Son of God: Psalm 2:7; Hebrews 1:5;5:5.
-He would spend time in Egypt: Hosea 11:1; Matthew 2:14-15.
-A massacre of children would happen at His birthplace: Jeremiah 31:15; Matthew 2:16-18.
-A messenger would prepare the way for Him: Isaiah 40:3-5; Malachi 3:1; Matthew 11:10-13;
-He would be preceded by the ministry of Elijah: Malachi 4:5-6; Matthew 11:13-14.
-He would be rejected by His own people: Psalm 69:8; Isaiah 53:3; John 1:11; 7:5.
-He would be a prophet: Deuteronomy 18:15; Acts 3:20-22.
-He would be declared to be the Son of God: Psalm 2:7; Matthew 3:16-17.
-He would be called a Nazarene: Isaiah 11:1; Matthew 2:23.
-He would be called King: Psalm 2:6; Zechariah 9:9; Matthew 27:37; Mark 11:7-11.
-He would bring light: Isaiah 9:1-2; Matthew 4:13-16.
-He would teach using parables: Psalm 78:2-4; Isaiah 6:9-10; Matthew 13:10-15, 34-35.
-He would heal the brokenhearted: Isaiah 61:1-2; Luke 4:18-19.
-He would be a priest after the order of Melchizedek: Psalm 110:4; Hebrews 5:5-6.
-He would receive praise from the children: Psalm 8:2; Matthew 21:16.
-He would enter Jerusalem in triumph: Zechariah 9:9; Matthew 21:4-5; John 12:14-15.
-He would be hated without cause: Psalm 35:19.
-He would be betrayed: Psalm 41:9; Zechariah 11:12-13; Luke 22:47-48; Matthew 26:14-16.
-His disciples would scatter: Zechariah 13:7; Matthew 26:31,56; Mark 14:27,50.
-The betrayal funds would be used to buy a potter's field: Zechariah 11:12-13; Matthew 27:9-10.
-He would be falsely accused: Psalm 35:11; Mark 14:57-58.
-He would be silent before His accusers: Isaiah 53:7; Mark 15:4-5.
-He would be abused: Isaiah 50:6; Matthew 26:67; Psalm 69:4; John 15:24-25.
-He would be crucified with criminals: Isaiah 53:12; Matthew 27:38; Mark 15:27-28.
-His hands and feet would be pierced: Psalm 22:16; Zechariah 12:10; John 20:25-27.
-He would be offered vinegar to drink: Psalm 69:21; Matthew 27:34; John 19:28-30.
-He would be mocked: Psalm 22:7-8; Luke 23:35.
-He would bear our shame: Psalm 69:19; Matthew 27:28.
-Soldiers would gamble for His garments: Psalm 22:18; Luke 23:34; Matthew 27:35-36.
-He would be forsaken by God: Psalm 22:1; Matthew 27:46.
-He would pray for His enemies: Isaiah 53:12; Luke 23:34.
-He would be numbered with criminals: Isaiah 53:12; Luke 23:33.
-He would die by crucifixion: Isaiah 53:5-6;10; John 19:16.
-He would thirst: Psalm 69:3; John 19:28.
-He would be stared at: Psalm 22:17; Matthew 27:36.
-He would commend His Spirit to God: Psalm 31:5; Luke 23:46.
-He would be the ultimate sacrifice for sin: Isaiah 53:5-12; Romans 5:6-8.
-His death would secure "many brethren": Hebrews 2:12.
-He would "lead captivity captive": Psalm 68:18; Ephesians 4:8-10.
-His bones would not be broken: Exodus 12:46; Psalm 34:20; John 19:33-36.
-His side would be pierced: Zechariah 12:10; John 19:34.
-Blood and water would flow from His body: Psalm 22:14; John 19:34.
-He would be buried with the rich: Isaiah 53:9; Matthew 27:57-60.
-He would be resurrected from the dead: Psalm 16:10; 49:15; Matthew 28:2-7; Acts 2:22-32.
-He would ascend to heaven: Psalm 24:7-10; Mark 16:19; Luke 24:51.
-He would be seated at God's right hand: Psalm 68:18; 110:1; Mark 16:19; Matthew 22:44.
Jesus predicted His death and resurrection (Matthew 20:17-19; 1 Corinthians 15) and His ascension (Luke 24:46-53). First Thessalonians 4:13-18 speaks specifically of an unknown, future time at which the dead in Christ will rise first, followed by all living believers immediately ascending into the air to be with Jesus forever.
The book of Revelation reveals that seven years of judgment will occur after the rapture, followed by Christ's return to earth with believers to defeat the enemy. At that time, Jesus will fulfill His role as the Messiah and reign from His throne in Jerusalem for 1,000 years. This is known as the millennial kingdom (Revelation 20:1-6). At the end of this time, one final rebellion will take place by Satan followed by final judgment. (For expanded studies on this subject, see the chapter on Eschatology in this manual.)
THE HUMANITY AND DEITY OF JESUS CHRIST
God the Son, Jesus Christ, combines both the divine and the human natures in one union. God the Father sent Jesus Christ to earth in human form while yet retaining His divine nature. Jesus was sent by God to earth so man could be pardoned from sin:
For God so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in Him should not perish, but have everlasting life. For God sent not His Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through Him might be saved. He that believeth on Him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already,
because He hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God.
(John 3:16-18)
The story of the earthly ministry of Jesus is recorded in the Bible in the books of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. These books provide a detailed record of the birth, life, death, resurrection, teachings, and ministry of Jesus Christ. As part of the plan of God, Jesus came to earth in human
form, ministered among men, died for the sins of man, was resurrected from the dead, and commissioned His followers to bear the Gospel to the nations of the world.
Philippians 2:6-11 reveals that Jesus is God and that He willingly became a man so that He could die for the sins of mankind. (This is called the "kenosis" doctrine.) This passage affirms that He is always God who became man, and He will forevermore be God and man in one person. (This doctrine is called the "hypostatic union".)
Hebrews 1:6-8 reveals that Jesus Christ is both the Son of God and God who became man. First Timothy 3:16 says that Jesus was revealed in the flesh, which indicates His existence as God before He was revealed in human form. Romans 1:3-5 confirms that Jesus is a descendant of David on the human side and the Son of God on the divine side.
There is ample evidence in the Bible that proves that Jesus was truly and thoroughly human. He had human names (i.e., Jesus, Son of David), and related to other people as a human being (John 9:16). Jesus had a body (1 John 1:1); spoke human language(s); referred to Himself as a man (John 8:40); and other people referred to Him as a man (Acts 3:22). Jesus experienced life as a human being (Luke 2:52)--including hunger (Matthew 4:2); thirst (John 19:28); weariness (John 4:6); and sorrow (John 11:35; Luke 13:34-35). He also experienced death (Hebrews 2:14-15).
The Bible confirms that while Jesus was flesh, He was also God. John says He was divine (John 1:1). Paul says he is the “very form of God” (Philippians 2:6) and our great God and Savior (Titus 2:13). He is referred to as Lord (Matthew 2:43-45), and the King of Kings (Revelation 19:16).
Jesus did the works of God, including creating (John 1:3; Colossians 1:15-20); sustaining (Hebrews 1:3-4); saving (Matthew 1:23); raising the dead (John 5:25); judging (John 5:27); sending the Holy Spirit (John 14:26; 15:26); and building the true Church (Matthew 16:18). Jesus accepts worship from men (Matthew 14:33) and angels (Hebrews 1:6), and some day in the future all men will bow before Him (Philippians 2:10, Isaiah 45:23). His miracles demonstrated His supernatural power over sickness, the elements, and death. He promises forgiveness of sins, answers to prayer, and eternal life (Mark 2:1-12; John 10:27-33; 14:13-14).
Because Jesus was both human and divine, the question has been raised as to whether His temptations by Satan were valid and whether it was even possible for Him to have sinned.
The bottom line in this debate is that Jesus was both God and man. As a man in human form, He was victorious over temptation (Hebrews 4:15) and can help us in our own times of temptation (Hebrews 2:18).
ATTRIBUTES OF JESUS CHRIST
Because He is part of the Trinity of God, Jesus Christ has the same attributes as God. The Bible verifies these in the following verses. Jesus is:
Omnipotent: All powerful. Matthew 28:18
Omniscient: Knows everything. Matthew 16:30; John 21:17
Omnipresent: Present everywhere. Matthew 18:20; 28:20
Eternal: Has no beginning or end. John 1:1-2; 8:58
Unchangeable: Remains the same. Hebrews 13:8
Perfect: Absolutely holy. Colossians 1:19; 2:9-10
NAMES AND TITLES OF JESUS CHRIST
How Jesus Received His Names.
Jesus received His name in the three ways that great men receive their names on earth:
-By birth: Jesus received His name by birth, through inheritance from His Father:
God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets. Hath in these last days spoken unto us by His Son, whom He hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also He made the worlds; Who being the brightness of His glory, and the express image of His person, and upholding all things by the word of His power, when He had by Himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on High; Being made so much better than the angels, as He hath by inheritance obtained a more excellent name than they. (Hebrews 1:1-4)
Jesus inherited a name greater than any other being in the universe. His name is greater than any king, president, or tribal leader. It is greater than the name of any angel in Heaven.
-By achievement: Jesus also received His name by achievement because He conquered all the power of the enemy:
And having spoiled principalities and powers, He made a shew of them openly, triumphing over them in it. (Colossians 2:15)
-By conferring: Jesus also received His name by having it conferred upon Him:
Wherefore God also hath highly exalted Him, and given Him a name which is above every name: That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth; And that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father. (Philippians 2:9-11)
Names And Titles Of Jesus.
The name "Jesus" means "Savior or deliverer" (Matthew 1:21). The name "Christ" means "the anointed one" (John 3:34). Additional names and titles given Jesus Christ in the Bible include:
Advocate 1 John 2:1
Almighty Revelation 1:8
Alpha and Omega Revelation 21:6
Amen Revelation 3:14
Ancient of Days Daniel 7:9
Author/Finisher of our Faith Hebrews 12:2
Author of Eternal Salvation Hebrews 5:9
Begotten of God 1 John 5:18
Beloved Ephesians 1:6
Branch Zechariah 3:8
Bread of Life John 6:48
Bright and Morning Star Revelation 22:16
Captain of the Lord's Host Joshua 5:15
Carpenter's Son Matthew 13:55
Chief Cornerstone 1 Peter 2:6
Chief Among Ten Thousand Song of Solomon 5:10
Christ John 1:41
Counselor Isaiah 9:6
Deliverer Romans 11:26
Door John 10:9
Elect Isaiah 42:1
Emmanuel Matthew 1:23
Eternal Life 1 John 5:20
Faithful and True Revelation 19:11
Faithful Witness Revelation 1:5
First Begotten Hebrews 1:6
First and Last Revelation 22:13
Glorious Lord Isaiah 33:21
Great High Priest Hebrews 4:14
Head of the Body Colossians 1:18
Head over all things Ephesians 1:22
Headstone Psalms 118:22
Heir of all things Hebrews 1:2
Holy One of Israel Isaiah 41:14
Hope of Glory Colossians 1:27
I Am John 8:58
Image of the Invisible God Colossians 1:15
Jesus Christ Our Lord Romans 1:3
King of Glory Psalms 24:7
Lamb of God John 1:29
Light of the World John 8:12
Lily of the Valleys Song of Solomon 2:1
Living Bread John 6:51
Lord God Almighty Revelation 4:8
Lord of All Acts 10:36
Lord Our Righteousness Jeremiah 23:6
Love 1 John 4:8
Man of Sorrows Isaiah 53:3
Master Matthew 23:10
Messiah Daniel 9:25
Most Holy Daniel 9:24
Nazarene Matthew 2:23
Only Wise God 1 Timothy 1:17
Our Passover 1 Corinthians 5:7
Physician Luke 4:23
Prince of Peace Isaiah 9:6
Propitiation Romans 3:25
Redeemer Isaiah 59:20
Resurrection John 11:25
Righteous Servant Isaiah 53:11
Rock 1 Corinthians 10:4
Root of Jesse Isaiah 11:10
Rose of Sharon Song of Solomon 2:1
Savior of the World 1 John 4:14
Seed of David John 7:42
Seed of the Woman Genesis 3:15
Shepherd John 10:11
Son of God Romans 1:4
Son of Man Acts 7:56
Son of Mary Mark 6:3
Stone Matthew 21:42
Sun of Righteousness Malachi 4:2
Sure Foundation Isaiah 28:16
Teacher John 3:2
Truth John 14:6
Unspeakable Gift 1 Corinthians 9:15
Vine John 15:1
Way John 14:6
Wonderful Isaiah 9:6
Word John 1:14
Word of God Revelation 19:13
THE BIRTH OF JESUS CHRIST
Jesus Christ was supernaturally conceived by the Holy Spirit and born of the virgin Mary (Matthew 1:23; Galatians 4:4) in fulfillment of Isaiah’s prediction (Isaiah 7:14). John says that the Word--Jesus Christ--became flesh and that God “tabernacled” among us (John 1:1, 14).
God became a man in order to redeem His creation from sin and fulfill the Davidic covenant as the promised King (Luke 1:31-33). His purpose in coming was to reveal God to men (John 1:18); save sinners (Galatians 1:4); destroy the works of the devil (1 John 3:8); judge mankind (Acts 17:31); bring all things in creation into submission to God (1 Corinthians 15:20-28; Ephesians 1:10-11); and intercede for believers (Romans 8:34).
THE EARLY LIFE OF JESUS CHRIST
Jesus was circumcised according to Jewish law and presented at the temple (Luke 2:21-22). He lived in Bethlehem as a baby, in Egypt for possibly a year, and was raised in Nazareth. His childhood was characterized by His growth in wisdom, stature, and favor with God and man (Luke 2:4-52). He was subject to His parents (Luke 2:49-51), and was aware of His Heavenly Father's business (Luke 2:49). His trade as a young man was a carpenter.
THE MINISTRY OF JESUS CHRIST
Jesus began His ministry with His baptism by John (Matthew 3:15 and John 1:31), followed by a time of temptation by Satan (Matthew 4). The major purposes of Christ's ministry included:
Revealing God to Mankind.
God became flesh and was revealed by Jesus Christ: "No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared him" (John 1:18).
Redeeming Man From Sin.
It is through the death of Jesus Christ that you are freed from the bondage of sin in which the enemy has ensnared you:
...for of whom a man is overcome, of the same is he brought in bondage... (2 Peter 2:19)
Because the creature itself also shall be delivered from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God. (Romans 8:21)
Stand fast therefore in the liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free, and be not entangled again with the yoke of bondage. (Galatians 5:1)
Destroying The Works Of The Devil.
...For this purpose the Son of God was manifested, that He might destroy the works of the Devil. (1 John 3:8)
Judging Mankind.
For as the Father hath life in himself; so hath he given to the Son to have life in himself;
And hath given him authority to execute judgment also, because he is the Son of man.
(John 5:26-27)
Bringing all things in creation into submission to God.
Having made known unto us the mystery of his will, according to his good pleasure which he hath purposed in himself: That in the dispensation of the fulness of times he might gather together in one all things in Christ, both which are in heaven, and which are on earth; even in him. (Ephesians 1:9-10)
Interceding For Believers.
In Heaven Jesus is at the right hand of God the Father interceding for believers, talking to the Father on your behalf:
...It is Christ that died, yea rather, that is risen again, who is even at the right hand of God, who also maketh intercession for us. (Romans 8:34)
THE DEATH OF JESUS CHRIST
All four gospels record the death of Christ for the forgiveness of the sins of all mankind, the establishing of the New Covenant, and the defeat of Satan. The key references regarding the death of Jesus are Matthew 26-27; Mark 14-15; Luke 22-23; and John 18-19.
Old Testament prophecies foretold His betrayal and death:
-Jesus was betrayed by a friend: Psalm 41:9.
-He was betrayed for 30 pieces of silver: Zechariah 11:12-13.
-Jesus was abused: Isaiah 50:6.
-Jesus was silent before His accusers: Isaiah 53:7.
-Jesus would be crucified for our sins: Isaiah 53:4-6.
-Zechariah described the crucifixion: Zechariah 12:10.
-Jesus would be numbered with the transgressors: Isaiah 53:12.
-Jesus would be buried in a rich man's tomb: Isaiah 53:9.
New Testament writers confirmed His death: Matthew 26-27; Mark 14-15; Luke 22-23;
John 18-19.
Reasons Why Jesus Died.
-To reconcile mankind to God: Romans 5:9-11; 2 Corinthians 5:18-19; Ephesians 2:14-16;
Colossians 1:20-22.
-To bear our sins: Hebrews 9:28; 1 Peter 2:24.
-To take away sins: John 1:29; Hebrews 9:26; 10:4,10-12; 1 John 3:5.
-To forgive us of sins: Ephesians 1:7; Colossians 1:14; 2:13-14; 1 John 1:9.
-To give us eternal life: John 3:14-16; 10:10, 27-29; 1 John 5:6-13.
-To do the will of God: Hebrews 10:7-14.
-To save sinners: Matthew 9:13; Luke 19:10; 1 Timothy 1: 15.
-To fulfill the law: Matthew 5:17; Romans 10:4.
-To redeem those under the law: Galatians 3:13-14, 24; 4:4-5; 1 Peter 1:18-19.
-To demonstrate God's righteousness: Romans 3:24-26; 2 Corinthians 5:21.
-To manifest God’s love: John 3:16; Romans 5:8; 1 John 3:16; 4:9-18.
-To bring lost mankind to God: Hebrews 2:9-10; 1 Peter 3:18.
-To destroy the devil’s power: Hebrews 2:14-15.
-To fulfill the functions of a faithful high priest: Hebrews 2:17-18; 4:14-16.
-To give His life as a ransom: Matthew 28:28; 1 Timothy 2:5-6.
THE RESURRECTION OF JESUS CHRIST
After His death by crucifixion, Jesus was buried, but He did not remain in the tomb. The story of His miraculous resurrection is recorded in Matthew 28, Mark 16, Luke 24, and John 20.
Through His resurrection from the dead, Jesus gained victory over physical death. Those who become part of the Kingdom of God may experience physical death, but they will also experience resurrection from the dead as He did. Because our King is eternal, we are part of an eternal Kingdom and have eternal life.
-Old Testament writers foretold His resurrection. Examples are in Hosea 6:1-2 and Psalm 16:10.
-New Testament writers confirmed His resurrection. Complete accounts are given in Matthew 28, Mark 16, Luke 24, and John 20. Angels confirmed it: Matthew 28:5-7; Mark 16:5-7; Luke 24:4-7; and John 20:12. New Testament writers spend much time on the subject of the resurrection. A classic example is in 1 Corinthians 15 where Paul says that if Christ is not risen from the dead then He died in vain; He lied and we continue to lie; preaching and practicing our faith is useless because a dead Savior can save no one, so we are lost in our sins; our dead loved ones are gone forever; and we are to be pitied! But Paul concludes that these things are not true because Jesus Christ lives!
After His resurrection from the dead, Jesus appeared to many people, confirming the fact of His resurrection:
-His first appearance was to Mary Magdalene, on resurrection morning: Mark 16:9; John
20:10-18.
-He appeared to the women returning from the tomb: Matthew 28:9-10.
-He appeared to two disciples on the road to Emmaus: Luke 24:13-32; Mark 16:12-13.
-He appeared to Peter in Jerusalem: Luke 24:34; 1 Corinthians 15:5.
-He appeared to His disciples (Thomas absent): Luke 24:36-43; John 20:19-23.
-Jesus appeared again to His disciples with Thomas present: John 20:24-29.
-He appeared to seven disciples on the shore of the Sea of Galilee: John 21:1-24.
-Jesus was seen by 500 believers at one time: 1 Corinthians 15:5-7.
-He appeared to James: 1 Corinthians 15:7.
-He appeared on the Mount of Olives, and then ascended into Heaven: Matthew 28:18-
20; Luke 24:50-53.
-He was seen by Paul on the road to Damascus: Acts 9:3-6; 1 Corinthians 15:8.
-He was seen ascending into Heaven: Acts 1:3-11.
THE ASCENSION OF JESUS CHRIST
The ascension of Jesus to Heaven is recorded in Matthew 28:16-20, Mark 16:19-20, Luke 24:50-53, and Acts 1:1-11. After Jesus appeared to many people over a period of forty days, Jesus led His disciples out to a mountain, gave them a final commission to preach the Gospel to the world, and ascended into Heaven in a cloud.
Jesus was exalted to the right hand of God (Psalm 110:1; Acts 2:34-35) and currently reigns over the universe (Ephesians 1:20-22a). He is head over all things pertaining to the Church (Ephesians 1:22-23; 1 Peter 3:22) and has sent the Holy Spirit as He promised (Acts 2:33). He presently intercedes for all true believers (Hebrews 7:25) and will remain in Heaven until time for Him to return and establish the visible Kingdom of God in final form.
THE RETURN OF JESUS CHRIST
The Bible reveals that Jesus will return to earth in what is called the rapture. Details of this return are given in 1 Thessalonians 4:13-18. Those who sleep with Jesus will come with Him; the Lord will descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God; the dead in Christ shall rise first and then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air; and so shall we ever be with the Lord. Later, Jesus will return to earth in a second coming to subdue Satan and all enemies and to establish His eternal Kingdom. (See the chapter on Eschatology in this manual for additional teaching.)
The Bible reveals that the Kingdom of Jesus will be eternal:
...of His Kingdom there shall be no end. (Luke 1:33)
Every kingdom of earth and the kingdom of Satan will be defeated by the King of Kings. In the end an announcement will be made that...
...The kingdoms of this world are become the kingdoms of our Lord, and of His Christ, and He shall reign for ever and ever. (Revelation 11:15)
THE THREE OFFICES OF JESUS CHRIST
Christ Is A Prophet.
In Deuteronomy 18:18 Moses predicted that God would send another prophet like him to the people of Israel. John and Peter both witness that Jesus is that prophet (John 6:14; 7:40; Acts 3:22-24). Christ functioned as a prophet through revelation from God and was, in human form, the revelation from God (John 1:18).
Christ Is Our Priest.
The prophet was God’s representative to the people. The priest was the peoples’ representative before God, so this means that Jesus Christ also functioned in the office of priest. Instead of offering Levitical sacrifices for sin however, Jesus offered himself as the final sacrifice--once and for all--for all the sins of all mankind. As a priest, He entered the holy of holies in Heaven and opened the way for us to access the presence of God. Romans 8:34 and Hebrews 7:25 reveal that He presently makes intercession for us.
Christ Is Our King.
Jesus Christ fulfilled the office of King. In contrast to the greatest of Israelite kings, Jesus rules over the entire world (Ephesians 1:20-23). When He returns to earth in His second coming, He will assume His rightful place as “the King of Kings” (Revelation 19:16).
SELF-TEST
1. Define Christology.
________________________________________
________________________________________
2. What are some common topics studied in Christology?
________________________________________
________________________________________
3. Why is the study of Christology important?
________________________________________
________________________________________
4. Study the section in this chapter on "The Preexistence Of Christ" and summarize what you learn.
________________________________________
________________________________________
5. What did Old Testament prophecies reveal about Jesus?
________________________________________
________________________________________
6. Using the verses provided, fill in the blanks.
-The Messiah would be born in __________:Micah 5:2; Matthew 2:1; Luke 2:4-6.
-The Messiah would be born of a _______: Genesis 3:15; Matthew 1:20; Galatians 4:4.
-The Messiah would be born of a _____: Isaiah 7:14; Matthew 1:22-23; Luke 1:26-31.
-The Messiah would come from the line of________ Genesis 12:3;
22:18; Matthew 1:1;
Romans 9:5.
-The Messiah would be a descendant of _______: Genesis 17:19; 21:12; Luke 3:34.
-The Messiah would be a descendant of _______: Numbers 24:17; Matthew 1:2.
-The Messiah would come from the tribe of _____: Genesis 49:10; Luke 3:33; Hebrews 7:14.
-The Messiah would be heir to ______throne: 2 Samuel 7:12-13;
Isaiah 9:7;
Luke 1:32-33;
Romans 1:3.
-The Messiah's throne will be ______: Psalm 45:6-7; Daniel 2:44; Luke 1:33; Hebrews 1:8-12.
-He would be called _______: Isaiah 7:14; Matthew 1:23.
-He would be _____: Psalm 2:7; Hebrews 1:5;5:5.
-He would spend time in_____: Hosea 11:1; Matthew 2:14-15.
-A massacre of children would happen at __________: Jeremiah 31:15; Matthew 2:16-18.
-A messenger would prepare _____: Isaiah 40:3-5; Malachi 3:1; Matthew 11:10-13;
-He would be preceded by the ministry of _____: Malachi 4:5-6; Matthew 11:13-14.
-He would be rejected by His ________: Psalm 69:8; Isaiah 53:3; John 1:11; 7:5.
-He would be a _____: Deuteronomy 18:15; Acts 3:20-22.
-He would be declared to be the ______: Psalm 2:7; Matthew 3:16-17.
-He would be called a _____: Isaiah 11:1; Matthew 2:23.
-He would be called _____: Psalm 2:6; Zechariah 9:9; Matthew 27:37; Mark 11:7-11.
-He would bring _____: Isaiah 9:1-2; Matthew 4:13-16.
-He would teach using _____: Psalm 78:2-4; Isaiah 6:9-10; Matthew 13:10-15, 34-35.
-He would heal the _____: Isaiah 61:1-2; Luke 4:18-19.
-He would be a priest after the order of ____________: Psalm 110:4; Hebrews 5:5-6.
-He would receive praise from the _____: Psalm 8:2; Matthew 21:16.
-He would enter Jerusalem in _____: Zechariah 9:9; Matthew 21:4-5; John 12:14-15.
-He would be hated without _____: Psalm 35:19.
-He would be _____: Psalm 41:9; Zechariah 11:12-13; Luke 22:47-48; Matthew 26:14-16.
-His disciples would _____: Zechariah 13:7; Matthew 26:31,56; Mark 14:27,50.
-The betrayal funds would be used to buy a _____: Zechariah 11:12-13; Matthew 27:9-10.
-He would be falsely _____: Psalm 35:11; Mark 14:57-58.
-He would be silent before _______: Isaiah 53:7; Mark 15:4-5.
-He would be _____: Isaiah 50:6; Matthew 26:67; Psalm 69:4; John 15:24-25.
-He would be crucified with _____: Isaiah 53:12; Matthew 27:38; Mark 15:27-28.
-His hands and feet would be _____: Psalm 22:16; Zechariah 12:10; John 20:25-27.
-He would be offered _____ to drink: Psalm 69:21; Matthew 27:34; John 19:28-30.
-He would be _____: Psalm 22:7-8; Luke 23:35.
-He would bear our _____: Psalm 69:19; Matthew 27:28.
-Soldiers would gamble for His ______: Psalm 22:18; Luke 23:34; Matthew 27:35-36.
-He would be forsaken by_____: Psalm 22:1; Matthew 27:46.
-He would pray for His ______: Isaiah 53:12; Luke 23:34.
-He would be numbered with _______: Isaiah 53:12; Luke 23:33.
-He would die by _____: Isaiah 53:5-6;10; John 19:16.
-He would _____: Psalm 69:3; John 19:28.
-He would be ______: Psalm 22:17; Matthew 27:36.
-He would commend His______ to God: Psalm 31:5; Luke 23:46.
-He would be the ultimate sacrifice for _____: Isaiah 53:5-12; Romans 5:6-8.
-His death would secure ______ _______: Hebrews 2:12.
-He would "lead captivity _____": Psalm 68:18; Ephesians 4:8-10.
-His bones would not be _____: Exodus 12:46; Psalm 34:20; John 19:33-36.
-His side would be _______ Zechariah 12:10; John 19:34.
-Blood and _____ would flow from His body: Psalm 22:14; John 19:34.
-He would be buried with the _____: Isaiah 53:9; Matthew 27:57-60.
-He would be _______ from the dead: Psalm 16:10; 49:15; Matthew 28:2-7; Acts 2:22-32.
-He would ascend to _____: Psalm 24:7-10; Mark 16:19; Luke 24:51.
-He would be seated at ___ ___ ____: Psalm 68:18; 110:1; Mark 16:19; Matthew 22:44.
7. Summarize New Testament predictions regarding Jesus.
________________________________________
________________________________________
8. Using the section entitled "The Humanity And Deity Of Jesus Christ", write a summary statement about what you learn.
________________________________________
________________________________________
9. Define the following attributes of Jesus. He is:
Omnipotent:________________________________________
Omniscient:________________________________________
Omnipresent:________________________________________
Eternal:________________________________________
Unchangeable: ________________________________________
Perfect :________________________________________
10. In what three ways did Jesus receive His name?
________________________________________
________________________________________
11. What does the name "Jesus" mean?
________________________________________
12. What does the name "Christ" mean?
________________________________________
13. Summarize what you learned about the birth of Jesus.
________________________________________
________________________________________
14. Summarize what you learned about the early life of Jesus.
________________________________________
________________________________________
15. List the ministries of Jesus discussed in this chapter.
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
16. What passages record the death of Jesus?
________________________________________
17. What do you learn about the death of Jesus in the following passages?
Psalm 41:9:________________________________________
Zechariah 11:12-13:________________________________________
Isaiah 50:6:________________________________________
Isaiah 53:7:________________________________________
Isaiah 53:4-6:________________________________________
Zechariah 12:10:________________________________________
Isaiah 53:12:________________________________________
Isaiah 53:9:________________________________________
18. What New Testament passages confirm the death of Jesus?
________________________________________
________________________________________
19. What do the following verses reveal about the reasons Jesus died?
Romans 5:9-11; 2 Corinthians 5:18-19; Ephesians 2:14-16; Colossians 1:20-22
________________________________________
Hebrews 9:28; 1 Peter 2:24
________________________________________
John 1:29; Hebrews 9:26; 10:4,10-12; 1 John 3:5
________________________________________
Ephesians 1:7; Colossians 1:14; 2:13-14; 1 John 1:9
________________________________________
John 3:14-16; 10:10, 27-29; 1 John 5:6-13
________________________________________
Hebrews 10:7-14
________________________________________
Matthew 9:13; Luke 19:10; 1 Timothy 1: 15
________________________________________
Matthew 5:17; Romans 10:4
________________________________________
Galatians 3:13-14, 24; 4:4-5; 1 Peter 1:18-19
________________________________________
Romans 3:24-26; 2 Corinthians 5:21
________________________________________
John 3:16; Romans 5:8; 1 John 3:16; 4:9-18
________________________________________
Hebrews 2:9-10; 1 Peter 3:18
________________________________________
Hebrews 2:14-15
________________________________________
Hebrews 2:17-18; 4:14-16
________________________________________
Matthew 28:28; 1 Timothy 2:5-6
________________________________________
20. What New Testament passages record the account of the resurrection?
________________________________________
21. What did Jesus achieve through His resurrection?
________________________________________
________________________________________
22. What do you learn about the resurrection of Jesus in the following passages?
Hosea 6:1-2:________________________________________
Psalm16:10:________________________________________
Matthew 28, Mark 16, Luke 24, John 20:________________________________________
Matthew 28:5-7; Mark 16:5-7; Luke 24:4-7; John 20:12:________________________________
1 Corinthians 15:________________________________________
23. Using the following passages, record who Jesus appeared to after His resurrection
Mark16:9; John 20:10-18.________________________________________
Matthew 28:9-10.________________________________________
Luke 24:13-32; Mark 16:12-13.________________________________________
Luke 24:34; 1 Corinthians 15:5.________________________________________
Luke 24:36-43; John 20:19-23.________________________________________
John 20:24-29.________________________________________
John 21:1-24.________________________________________
1 Corinthians 15:5-7.________________________________________
1 Corinthians 15:7.________________________________________
Matthew 28:18-20; Luke 24:50-53.________________________________________
Acts 9:3-6; 1 Corinthians 15:8.________________________________________
Acts 1:3-11.________________________________________
24. Where is the account of the ascension of Jesus recorded?
________________________________________
25. What happened to Jesus after His ascension? Where is He now? What is He doing?
________________________________________
26. Study 1 Thessalonians 4:13-18 and summarize what you learn about the return of Jesus Christ.
________________________________________
________________________________________
27. What are the three offices held by Jesus?
________________________________________
(Answers to tests are provided at the conclusion of the final chapter in this manual.)
SUPPLEMENTAL STUDIES
1. For a detailed study of Jesus Christ, see the Harvestime Legacy Bible Outline studies on the Gospels.
2. Each chapter in the book of John mentions the deity of Christ. Read the following verses and summarize what you learn.
1:49 _________________________ 11:27 _________________________
2:11 _________________________ 12:32 _________________________
3:16 _________________________ 13:13 __________________________
4:26 _________________________ 14:11 _________________________
5:25 _________________________ 15:1 __________________________
6:33__________________________ 16:28 _________________________
7:29 _________________________ 17:1 __________________________
8:58 _________________________ 18:11 _________________________
9:37 _________________________ 19:7 __________________________
10:30 ________________________ 20:28 _________________________
21:14 _________________________
3. Study these references confirming the divine nature of Jesus Christ:
-Matthew 9:5-6; 10:32-33; 11:4-6,27; 12:6,41-42; 16:13,15,17,27; 21:42; 22:42-45; 23:10; 26:53,64; 27:11; 28:18
-Mark 2:9-11,28; 8:27,29; 12:10-11,35-37; 14:62; 15:2
-Luke 5:23-24; 6:5; 7:22-23; 9:18,20; 10:22; 11:20,31-32; 19:40; 20:17-18,41-44; 22:69-70; 23:3
-John 1:51; 3:13; 4:10,26,32; 5:17,19-23,26-27,30-32,34,36-37,39,41; 6:27,29,35,46,51,62; 7:17-18; 8:14,16-19,23,25,29,42, 50,54-56,58; 9:35,37; 10:25,30,34-38; 12:30,44-45; 13:31-32; 14:1,6,7,9-11,20; 15:23; 16:15,27-28; 17:1-3,5,8,10-11,21-24,28-29; 18:36-37; 19:11
4. Study these references confirming the human nature of Jesus Christ:
-Matthew 3:15; 8:20; 11:19; 26:10-13,38-39,42,45; 27:46
-Mark 14:7-9,26,34,36,41; 15:34
-Luke 7:34; 9:58; 22:28,42; 24:39,41
-John 4:7; 12:7-8; 19:26,28; 20:27; 21:5,12
5. Study further on the mission of Christ:
-Matthew 4:4; 5:17; 9:12-13; 10:34-36; 11:15; 15:26; 18:11-13; 21:33-40
-Mark 1:38; 2:17; 4:21-22; 7:16,27; 12:1-9
-Luke 2:49; 4:18-19,21,23-27,43; 5:31-32; 8:16,17; 11:30,33; 12:2-3,14,49,51-53; 13:32-33; 19:10; 20:9-16
-John 3:19-21; 4:13,14,34; 5:25,28-30; 6:38-40,50,55,56,58; 7:7,16; 8:12,26; 9:3-5,39; 10:1-5,7,9-18,27-29; 11:4,9,10; 12:26,27,47-50; 13:20; 18:15,16,37
6. Study further on the ministry of Christ:
-Matthew 9:15,37,38; 12:25-30; 20:28
-Mark 2:19; 3:23-27; 10:45
-Luke 5:34; 11:17-23
-John 2:4; 3:11; 4:35-38; 12:35,36
7. Study the life of Jesus Christ using this outline which combines the four New Testament records of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.
The Life Of Jesus Christ
I. Pre-existence of the King: John 1:1-18
II. Introduction of the King
A. Arrival of the King
l. Ancestry of the King: Matthew 1:1-17; Luke 3:23-38
2. Arrival of the King:
a. Announcement of the birth of John: Luke 1:5-25
b. Announcement to Mary of the birth of Jesus: Luke 1:26-38
c. Arrival of Mary in Judea: Luke 1:39-45
d. Praise of Mary: Luke 1:46-56
e. The birth of John: Luke 1:57-80
f. Announcement of the birth of Jesus to Joseph:
Matthew 1:18-25
g. The birth of King Jesus: Luke 2:1-7
h. Announcement of the birth of Jesus to the shepherds:
Luke 2:8-20
3. The infancy and childhood of the King
a. Circumcision of the King: Luke 2:21
b. Presentation of the King: Luke 2:22-38
c. Infancy of the King:
(l) In Bethlehem: Matthew 2:1-12
(2) In Egypt: Matthew 2:13-18
(3) In Nazareth: Matthew 2:19-23; Luke 2:39
d. The childhood of the King
(l) Growth of the King: Luke 2:40
(2) The King visits Jerusalem: Luke 2:41-50
(3) Development of the King: Luke 2:51-52
B. The forerunner of the King: John the Baptist
l. The message to John: Mark 1:1; Luke 3:1-2
2. The message of John: Matthew 3:1-6; Mark 1:2-6; Luke 3:3-6
3. The explanation by John: Matthew 3:7-10; Luke 3:7-14
4. The promise by John: Matthew 3:11-12; Mark :7-8; Luke 3:15-18
III. The approval of the King
A. The approval of the King
1. At His baptism: Matthew 3:13-17; Mark 1:9-11; Luke 3:21-23
2. By His temptation: Matthew 4:1-11; Mark 1:12-13; Luke 4:1-13
3. By His forerunner, John:
a. Testimony of John to the leaders: John 1:19-28
b. Testimony of John to Jesus: John 1:29-34
B. Acceptance of the King
l. Belief by the first disciples: John 1:35-51
2. Belief through the first miracle: John 2:1-12
3. Possession of the temple: John 2:13-22
4. Acceptance in Judea: John 2:23-3:21
5. The witness of John: John 3:22-36
6. In Zebulun/Naphtali: Matthew 4:12; Mark 1:14; Luke 3:19-20; 4:14;
John 4:1-4
7. Acceptance in Samaria: John 4:5-42
8. Acceptance in Galilee: John 4:43-45
C. The authority of the King
1. His authority to preach: Matthew 4:17; Mark 1:15; Luke 4:14-15
2. His authority over disease: John 4:46-54
3. Rejection of His authority in Nazareth: Luke 4:16-30
4. Residence in Capernaum: Matthew 4:13-16
5. His authority over nature: Matthew 4:18-22; Mark 1:16-20;
Luke 5:1-11
6. His authority over demons: Mark 1:21-28; Luke 4:31-37
7. Authority over sickness: Matthew 8:14-17; Mark 1:29-34;
Luke 4:38-41
8. Authority to preach: Matthew 4:23-25; Mark 1:35-39; Luke 4:42-44
9. Authority over defilement: Matthew 8:1-4; Mark 1:40-45;
Luke 5:12-16
10. His authority to forgive sin: Matthew 9:1-8; Mark 2:1-12;
Luke 5:17-26
11. His authority over men: Matthew 9:9-13; Mark 2:13-17;
Luke 5:27-32
12. Authority over tradition: Matthew 9:14-17; Mark 2:18-22;
Luke 5:33-39
13. His authority over the Sabbath:
a. Through the healing of the paralytic: John 5:1-47
b. Through argument over grain: Matthew 12:1-8;
Mark 2:23-28; Luke 6:1-5
c. Through healing the withered hand: Matthew 12:9-14;
Mark 3:1-6; Luke 6:6-11
14. His authority to heal: Matthew 12:15-21; Mark 3:7-12
15. His authority to commission: Mark 3:13-19; Luke 6:12-16
16. His authority to interpret the law: Matthew 5:1-7:29; Luke 6:17-42
a. He is the fulfillment: Matthew 5:17-20
b. Rejection of traditional interpretation of the law:
(l) Murder: Matthew 5:21-26
(2) Adultery: Matthew 5:27-30
(3) Divorce: Matthew 5:31-32
(4) Oaths: Matthew 5:33-37
(5) Retaliation: Matthew 5:38-42
(6) Love: Matthew 5:43-48; Luke 6:27-30; 32-36
c. Rejection of the practices of the Pharisees:
(l) Giving: Matthew 6:1-4
(2) Prayer: Matthew 6:5-15
(3) Fasting: Matthew 6:16-18
(4) Attitude toward wealth: Matthew 6:19-24
(5) Lack of faith: Matthew 6:25-34
(6) Judging: Matthew 7:1-6; Luke 6:37-42
d. Instruction to those who would enter the Kingdom:
(l) Prayer: Matthew 7:7-11
(2) Righteousness: Matthew 7:12; Luke 6:31, 43-45
(3) The way of access: Matthew 7:13-14
(4) Warning to false teachers: Matthew 7:15-23
(5) The two foundations: Matthew 7:24-8:1; Luke 6:46-49
17. Recognition of the King's authority in Capernaum: Matthew 8:5-13 Luke 7:1-10
18. Recognition of the King's authority in Nain: Luke 7:11-17
19. Witness of the twelve to the Kingdom: Matthew 9:35-11:1;
Mark 6:6-13; Luke 9:1-6
IV. Controversy over the King
A. Rejection of John: Matthew 11:2-19; Luke 7:18-35
1. Death of John: Matthew 14:1-12; Mark 6:14-29; Luke 9:7-9
B. The curse of the cities of Galilee: Matthew 11:20-30
1. Condemnation for their unbelief: Matthew 11:20-24
2. Explanation of their unbelief: Matthew 11:25-27
3. An invitation to believe: Matthew 11:28-30
C. Controversy over a sinner: Luke 7:36-50
D. Witness to the King: Luke 8:1-3
E. Rejection of the King by the leaders: Matthew 12:22-37; Mark 3:19-30
F. Request by the leaders for a sign from the King: Matthew 12:38-45
G. Rejection of the nation: Matthew 12:46-50; Mark 3:31-35; Luke 8:19-21
H. Revelations of the rejected King:
l. The Kingdom in the present: Matthew 13:1-53; Mark 4:1-34;
Luke 8:4-18
2. Power over nature: Matthew 8:18, 23-27; Mark 4:35-41;
Luke 8:22-25
3. Power over demons: Matthew 8:28-34; Mark 5:1-20; Luke 8:26-39
4. Power over disease/death: Matthew 9:18-26; Mark 5:21-43;
Luke 8:40-56
5. Power over blindness: Matthew 9:27-34
I. Rejection in Nazareth: Matthew 13:54-58; Mark 6:1-6
V. Instruction of the disciples by the King
A. Feeding of the 5,000: Matthew 14:13-21; Mark 6:30-44; Luke 9:10-17;
John 6:1-13
B. Rejection of offer to be King: Matthew 14:22-23; Mark 6:45-46;
John 6:14-15
C. Instruction by example in Gennesaret: Matthew 14:34-36; Mark 6:53-56
D. Instruction concerning the Bread of Life: John 6:22-71
E. Instruction concerning defilement: Matthew 15:1-20; Mark 7:1-23; John 7:1
F. Instruction in:
1. Tyre and Sidon: Matthew 15:21-28; Mark 7:24-30
2. Decapolis: Matthew 15:29-38; Mark 7:31-8:9
3. Magadan: Matthew 15:39-16:4; Mark 8:10-12
4. A warning against rejection: Matthew 16:5-12; Mark 8:13-26
G. The confession of Peter: Matthew 16:13-20; Mark 8:27-30; Luke 9:18-21
H. Instruction concerning the death of the King: Matthew 16:21; 17:22-23;
Mark 8:31-33; 9:30-32; Luke 9:22; 43-45
I. Concerning discipleship: Matthew 16:22-28; Mark 8:34-9:1; Luke 9:23-27
J. Revelation of the Kingdom: Matthew 17:1-8; Mark 9:2-8; Luke 9:28-36
K. Instruction concerning Elijah: Matthew 17:9-13; Mark 9:9-13
L. Concerning dependence: Matthew 17:14-21; Mark 9:14-29; Luke 9:37-43
M. Instruction concerning sonship: Matthew 17:24-27
N. Humility: Matthew 18:1-5; Mark 9:33-37; Luke 9:46-48
O. Pride: Matthew 18:6-14; Mark 9:38-50; Luke 9:49-50
P. Forgiveness: Matthew 18:15-35
Q. Discipleship: Matthew 8:19-22; Luke 9:57-62
R. A challenge by the brothers of the King: John 7:2-9
S. The journey to Jerusalem: Luke 9:51-56; John 7:10
VI. Opposition to the King
A. Conflict at the Feast of Tabernacles
1. The authority of the King is questioned: John 7:11-15
2. The explanation by the King: John 7:16-24
3. The person of the King is questioned: John 7:25-27
4. The explanation by the King: John 7:28-30
5. Response: John 7:31-36
6. An invitation from the King: John 7:37-52
B. Conflict over the law: John 7:53-8:11
C. Conflict over the light: John 8:12-20
D. Conflict over the person of the King: John 8:21-59
E. Conflict over the healing of a blind man: John 9:1-41
F. Conflict over the shepherd: John 10:1-21
G. Witness of the seven: Luke 10:1-24
H. Conflict over the question of eternal life: Luke 10:25-37
I. Conflict at the feast of dedication: John 10:22-39
J. Conflict over the healing of the dumb man: Luke 11:14-36
K. Conflict over ritualism: Luke 11:37-54
VII. Instruction of the disciples by the King
A. An example of fellowship: Luke 10:38-42
B. Instruction in prayer: Luke 11:1-13
C. Kingdom principles concerning:
1. Hypocrisy: Luke 12:1-12
2. Covetousness: Luke 12:13-34
3. Watchfulness: Luke 12:35-41
4. Faithfulness: Luke 12:42-48
5. The effect of the King's coming: Luke 12:49-53
6. Signs of the times: Luke 12:54-59
7. Repentance: Luke 13:1-9
8. Israel's need: Luke 13:10-17
9. The Kingdom program: Luke 13:18-21
D. Withdrawal from Judea: John 10:40-42
E. Instruction concerning entrance into the Kingdom: Luke 13:22-35
F. Instruction in a Pharisee's house: Luke 14:1-24
G. Instruction on Kingdom principles concerning:
1. Discipleship: Luke 14:25-35
2. God's attitude toward sinners: Luke 15:1-32
3. Wealth: Luke 16:1-31
4. Forgiveness: Luke 17:1-6
5. Service: Luke 17:7-10
H. The raising of Lazarus:
1. The miracle: John 11:1-44
2. Conflict over the miracle: John 11:45-54
I. Instruction on Kingdom principles concerning:
1. Thankfulness: Luke 17:11-19
2. The coming of the King: Luke 17:20-37
3. Prayer: Luke 18:1-14
4. Divorce: Matthew 19:1-12; Mark 10:1-12
5. Entrance into the Kingdom: Matthew 19:13-15; Mark 10:17-31;
Luke 18:31-34
6. Israel: Matthew 20:29-34; Mark 10:46-53; Luke 18:35-43
7. Personal faith: Luke 19:1-10
8. The postponed Kingdom: Luke 19:11-28
VIII. Presentation of the King
A. The King arrives in Bethany: John 11:55-12:1, 9-11
B. Entry into Jerusalem: Matthew 21:1-11, 14-17; Mark 11:1-11;
Luke 19:29-44; John 12:12-19
C. Authority of the King: Matthew 21:12-13, 18-19; Mark 11:12-18;
Luke 19:45-48
D. Invitations by the King: John 12:20-50
E. Proof of authority: Matthew 21:20-22; Mark 11:19-25; Luke 21:37-38
F. The King's authority challenged:
1. By the priests and elders: The rejection of the King: Matthew 21:23-
22:14; Mark 11:27-12:12; Luke 20:1-19
2. By the Pharisees and Herodians: Kingdom principles regarding
tribute: Matthew 22:15-22; Mark 12:13-17; Luke 20:20-26
3. By the Sadducees: Kingdom principles regarding the resurrection: Matthew 22:23-33; Mark 12:18-27; Luke 20:27-40
4. By the Pharisees: The greatest commandment in the Kingdom:
Matthew 22:34-40; Mark 12:28-34
G. A challenge by the King: Matthew 22:41-46; Mark 12:35-37;
Luke 20:41-44
H. Principles of judgment: Matthew 23:1-39; Mark 12:38-40; Luke 20:45-47
I. Kingdom principles of giving: Mark 12:41-44; Luke 21:1-4
IX. Preparation for the death of the King
A. Predictions by the King
1. The question: Matthew 24:1-3
2. The tribulation: Matthew 24:27-30
3. The second coming: Matthew 4:27-30
4. The regathering of Israel: Matthew 24:31
5. End-time parables:
a. The fig tree: Matthew 24:32-44
b. The faithful servant: Matthew 24:45-51
c. Ten virgins: Matthew 25:1-13
d. The talents: Matthew 25:14-30
6. Judgment on the Gentiles: Matthew 25:31-46
B. Preparation for the death of the King:
1. The prediction of His death: Matthew 26:1-2; Mark 14:1; Luke 22:1
2. The plan of the rulers: Matthew 26:3-5; Mark 14:1-2; Luke 22:2
3. Pouring of the ointment: Matthew 26:6-13; Mark 14:3-9; John 12:2-8
4. The promise to betray: Matthew 26:14-16; Mark 14:10-11;
Luke 22:3-6
5. Preparation for the Passover: Matthew 26:17-19; Mark 14:12-16;
Luke 22:7-13
6. The Passover: Matthew 26:20; Mark 14:17; Luke 22:14-16; 24-30
7. Provision of an example: John 13:1-20
8. Prediction of Judas' betrayal: Matthew 26:21-25; Mark 14:18-21;
Luke 22:21-23; John 13:21-30
9. Prediction of Peter's denial: Matthew 26:31-35; Mark 14:27-31;
Luke 22:31-38; John 13:37-38
10. A memorial: Matthew 26:26-30; Mark 14:22-26; Luke 22:17-20
C. Final message of the King:
1. Introduction: John 13:31-35
2. Problems: John 13:36-14:24
3. Promises: John 14:25-31
4. Instruction concerning:
a. Fruit bearing: John 15:1-17
b. Enemies of the disciples: John 15:18-16:4
c. The ministry of the Holy Spirit: John 16:5-15
d. Results of the resurrection: John 16:16-28
e. Conclusion: John 16:29-33
D. Final prayers of the King
1. His prayer for Himself: John 17:1-5
2. His prayer for His disciples: John 17:6-19
3. His prayer for all believers: John 17:20-26
E. The Garden Prayer: Matthew 26:36-46; Mark 14:32-42; Luke 22:39-46;
John 18:1
X. Death of the King
A. Arrest: Matthew 26:47-56; Mark 14:43-52; Luke 22:47-53; John 18:2-12
B. The religious trial of the King
1. Examination before Annas: John 18:12-14,19-23
2. Examination before Caiaphas: Matthew 26:57, 59-68; Mark 14:53,
55-56; Luke 22:54, 63-65; John 18:24
3. Denial by Peter: Matthew 26:58, 69-75; Mark 14:54; 66-72; Luke
22:54-62; John 18:15-18, 25-27
4. Verdict of the Sanhedrin: Matthew 27:1; Mark 15:1; Luke 22:66-71.
5. Death of Judas: Matthew 27:3-10
C. The civil trial of the King
1. The trial before Pilate: Matthew 27:2, 11-14; Mark 15:2-5;
Luke 3:1-5; John 18:28-38
2. Trial before Herod: Luke 23:6-12.
3. Trial before Pilate: Matthew 27:15-26; Mark 15:6-15;
Luke 23:13-25; John 18:39-19:1, 4-16
4. Mockery of the King: Matthew 27:27-30; Mark 15:16-19;
John 19:2-3
D. The journey to Calvary: Matthew 27:31-34; Mark 15:20-23; Luke 23:26-33;
John 19:16-17
E. The crucifixion of the King
1. The first three hours: Matthew 27:35-44; Mark 15:24-32;
Luke 23:33-43; John 19:18-27
2. Second three hours: Matthew 27:45-50; Mark 15:33-37;
Luke 23:44-46; John 19:28-30
3. Signs at the death of the King: Matthew 27:51-56; Mark 15:38-41;
Luke 23:45,47-49
F. Burial of the King: Matthew 27:57-60; Mark 15:42-47; Luke 23:50-56;
John 19:31-42
G. The sealing of the King's tomb: Matthew 27:62-66
XI. Resurrection of the King
A. Preparation by the women: Matthew 28:1; Mark 16:1
B. Opening of the tomb: Matthew 28:2-4
C. The visit of the women: Matthew 28:5-8; Mark 16:2-8; Luke 24:1-8;
John 20:1
D. The report to the disciples: Luke 24:9-12; John 20:2-10
E. Appearance of the King to Mary: Mark 16:9-11; John 20:11-18
F. Appearance of the King to the women: Matthew 28:9-10
G. The report of the guards: Matthew 28:11-15
H. Appearance to disciples on the Emmaus Road: Mark 16:12-13;
Luke 24:13-32
I. Report of the two disciples: Luke 24:33-35
J. Appearance to the ten disciples: Mark 16:14; Luke 24:36-43; John 20:19-25
K. Appearance of the King to the eleven disciples: John 20:26-31
L. Appearance of the King to the seven disciples: John 21:1-25
XII. Commissioned by the King: Matthew 28:16-20; Mark 16:15-18; Luke 24:44-49
XIII. The King returns to Heaven: The ascension of Jesus: Mark 16:19-20;
Luke 24:50-53
8. A historical timeline of the life of Christ:
6-4
BC -Birth
of Jesus Christ.
5-4
BC -Escape
to Egypt. Slaughter of children.
4
BC
-Herod the Great dies.
7-8
AD -Jesus
visits Jerusalem as a child.
12
AD
-Augustus makes Tiberius co-regent.
14
AD
-Tiberius becomes Caesar.
25
AD
-Pilate and Caiaphas are appointed to
office.
29
AD
-Ministry of John the Baptist begins.
29 AD
-Christ's ministry begins.
33
AD
-Jesus dies.
36
AD
-Pilate dethroned. Caiaphas deposed.
37
AD
-Tiberius Caesar dies.
9. Study the miracles performed by Jesus during His early ministry.
Miracles Of Supernatural Supply:
-Water changed into wine: John 2:1-11.
-Peter's net filled with fish: Luke 5:1-11.
-Five thousand men are fed, in addition to women and children: Matthew 14:15-21; Mark 6:35-
44; Luke 9:12-17; John 6:5-14.
-Four thousand men are fed, in addition to women and children: Matthew 15:32-39; Mark 8:1-10.
-A fish provides tribute money: Matthew 17:27.
-A supernatural catch of fish: John 21:6-14.
Miracles Of Raising The Dead:
-The only son of a widow: Luke 7:11-16.
-The daughter of Jairus: Mark 5:22-24, 35-43; Matthew 9:18-26; Luke 8:41,42,49-56.
-Lazarus: John 11:32-44.
-His own body: Luke 24:1-7; John 19:42-20:14; Mark 16:9-11.
Miracles Of Healing:
-The nobleman's son, of a fever: John 4:46-54.
-Peter's mother-in-law, of a fever: Mark 1:29-31; Matthew 8:14-17; Luke 4:38-39.
-A leprous man: Mark 1:40-45; Matthew 8:2-4; Luke 5:12-16.
-A man with palsy: Mark 2:3-12; Matthew 9:1-8: Luke 5:17-26.
-A man who had been afflicted thirty-eight years: John 5:1-16.
-A man with a withered hand: Mark 3:1-5; Luke 6:6-10; Matthew 12:9-13.
-The centurion's servant, of palsy: Matthew 8:5-13; Luke 7:1-10.
-A woman who had been afflicted with an issue of blood for 12 years: Mark 5:25-34;
Luke 8:43-48; Matthew 9:20-22.
-Sight restored to two men: Matthew 9:27-31.
-Hearing and speech restored: Mark 7:32-37.
-Sight restored: Mark 8:22-26.
-Sight given to a man who was born blind: John 9.
-A woman who had been afflicted for 18 years: Luke 13:11-17.
-A man with dropsy: Luke 14:1-6.
-Ten leprous men: Luke 17:11-19.
-Sight restored to a beggar: Luke 18:35-43.
-Sight restored to Bartimaeus: Mark 10:46-52; Matthew 20:29-34.
-The ear of the high priest's servant: Luke 22:50-51.
Miracles Of Casting Out Devils:
-The man with an unclean spirit: Mark 1:23-26; Luke 4:33-37.
-The blind and dumb demoniac: Matthew 12:22-23; Mark 3:19-30; Luke 11:14-23.
-The two men possessed of legion: Matthew 8:28-34; Luke 8:26-39; Mark 5:1-20.
-The dumb man possessed by a devil: Matthew 9:32-35.
-The daughter of the Syrophoenician woman: Mark 7:24-30; Matthew 15:22-28.
-The lunatic boy: Matthew 17:14-21; Mark 9:14-39; Luke 9:37-43.
-The devil that caused dumbness: Mark 9:14-26.
Miracles Of Judgment:
-Swine run down a steep place into the sea and are drowned: Matthew 8:30-32.
-A fig tree withers: Matthew 21:18-21; Mark 11:12-14,20-24.
Miracles Of Physical Deliverance:
-Jesus delivers Himself from His enemies: Luke 4:30.
-Peter is saved from the sea: Matthew 14:28-31; Mark 6:45-52.
-Jesus delivers the disciples from a storm: Mark 4:37-39; Luke 8:23-24 .
Miracles Over Natural Elements:
-A fig tree withers: Matthew 21:18-21; Mark 11:12-14,20-24.
-Jesus walks on water: Matthew 14:22-32; Mark 6:47-52.
-Jesus stills a storm: Mark 4:37-39; Luke 8:23-24.
Miracles Which Confirm Christ's Divinity:
-Signs at His birth: Matthew 2:1-9.
-Signs at His baptism: Matthew 3:16-17; Mark 1:9-12; Luke 3:21-23.
-Signs at His transfiguration: Matthew 17:1-14; Luke 9:28-37; Mark 9:1-14.
-Signs at the time of His death: Matthew 27:45-53.
-Signs at His resurrection: Matthew 28:2; Mark 16:4.
-Signs at His ascension: Mark 16:19; Luke 24:50-51; Acts 1:6-12.
10. Study the parables of Jesus.
Subject Reference
The mote and beam Luke 6:37-43
The two buildings Matthew 7:24-27; Luke 6:47-49
Children in the marketplace Matthew 11:16; Luke 7:32
The two debtors Luke 7:41
The unclean spirit Matthew 12:43-45; Luke 11:24-26
The rich man's meditation Luke 12:16
The barren fig tree Luke 13:6-9
The sower Matthew 13:3-8; Mark 4:3-8; Luke 8:5-8
The tares Matthew 13:24-30
The seed Mark 4:26
The grain of mustard seed Matthew 13:31,32; Mark. 4:31,32;
Luke 13:19
The leaven Matthew 13:33; Luke 13:21
The candle Matthew 5:15; Mark 4:21;
Luke 8:16; 11:33
The net Matthew 13:47,48
The hidden treasure Matthew 13:44
The pearl of great price Matthew 13:45,46
The householder Matthew 13:52
The marriage Matthew 9:15; Mark 2:19,20;
Luke 5:34,35
The patched garment Matthew 9:16; Mark 2:21; Luke 5:36
The wine bottles Matthew 9:17; Mark 2:22; Luke 5:37
The harvest Matthew 9:37; Luke 10:2
The adversary Matthew 5:25; Luke 12:58
The two insolvent debtors Matthew 18:23-35
The good Samaritan Luke 10:30-37
The three loaves Luke 11:5-8
The true shepherd John 10:1-16
The strait gate Matthew 7:14; Luke 13:24
The guests Luke 14:7-11
The marriage supper Matthew 22:2-9; Luke 14:16-23
The wedding garment Matthew 22:10-14
The tower Luke 14:28-30
The king going to war Luke 14:31
The lost sheep Matthew 18:12,13; Luke 15:4-7
The lost piece of money Luke 15:8,9
The prodigal son Luke 15:11-32
The unjust steward Luke 16:1-9
The importunate widow Luke 18:2-5
The Pharisee and publican Luke 18:10-14
The servant's office Luke 17:7-10
The laborers in the vineyard Matthew 20:1-16
The talents Matthew 25:14-30; Luke 19:11-27
The two sons Matthew 21:28
The murderous husbandmen Matthew 21:33-43; Mark 12:1-9; Luke 20:9-16
The fig tree Matthew 24:32; Mark 13:28;
Luke 21:29-30
The watching householder Matthew 24:43; Luke 12:39
The man on a far journey Mark 13:34
The character of two servants Matthew 24:45-51; Luke 12:42-46
The ten virgins Matthew 25:1-12
The watching servants Luke 12:36-38
The vine and its branches John 15:1-6
11. Study the prayers of Jesus.
-At His baptism: Luke 3:21
-In a solitary place: Mark 1:35
-In the wilderness: Luke 5:16
-All night before choosing His disciples: Luke 6:12
-Before His invitation to "Come unto Me": Matthew 11:25‑27
-At the feeding of the 5,000: John 6:11
-After the feeding of the 5,000: Matthew 14:23
-When He gave the Lord's prayer: Luke 11:1‑4
-At Caesarea‑Philippi: Luke 9:18
-Before His transfiguration: Luke 9:28‑29
-For little children: Matthew 19:13
-Before the raising of Lazarus from the dead: John 11:41‑42
-In the temple: John 12:27‑28
-At the supper: Matthew 26:26‑27
-For Peter: Luke 22:32
-For the disciples and His future followers: John 17
-In Gethsemane: Matthew 26:36,39,42,44
-On the cross: Luke 23:24
-At Emmaus: Luke 24:30
-The Lord's prayer: Matthew 6:9-13
CHAPTER THREE
PNEUMATOLOGY
Holy Spirit
DEFINITION
The word "Pneumatology" comes from the words pneuma--meaning wind or spirit--and ology meaning "the study of". In theology, Pneumatology is the study of what the Bible teaches about the Holy Spirit.
Pneumatology includes teaching on the identity of the Holy Spirit; receiving the Holy Spirit; the Baptism of the Holy Spirit; the ministry of the Holy Spirit; and gifts and fruit of the Holy Spirit.
The study of Pneumatology is of tremendous importance to Christians because the Holy Spirit plays a vital role in the life of each believer. Studying the role and work of the Holy Spirit also protects believers from inaccurate teachings.
Harvestime has a special course devoted to this subject entitled "The Ministry Of The Holy Spirit" to enable you to study Pneumatology in depth. Upon completion of this course you will be able to:
-Describe the personality of the Holy Spirit.
-List various names and titles of the Holy Spirit.
-Identify emblems representing the Holy Spirit.
-Describe the ministry of the Holy Spirit.
-Explain how to receive the baptism of the Holy Spirit.
-Receive the baptism of the Holy Spirit.
-List and define the gifts of the Spirit.
-Identify your spiritual gift(s).
-Identify the fruit of the Spirit.
-Identify the works of the flesh.
-Develop the fruit of the Holy Spirit in your life.
For detailed study of Pneumatology, consult "The Ministry Of The Holy Spirit" available free online at: http://www.harvestime.org
THE DEITY OF THE HOLY SPIRIT
The Holy Spirit is distinguished from and yet closely related to the Father and the Son. He is equal with God as He is part of the Trinity of God.
The Holy Spirit is called "God":
But Peter said, Ananias, why hath Satan filled thine heart to lie to the Holy Ghost...thou hast not lied unto men, but unto God. (Acts 5:3-4)
He is referred to as the "Spirit of God":
And Jesus, when He was baptized, went up straightway out of the water: and, lo, the heavens were opened unto Him, and He saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove, and lighting upon Him: And lo a voice from heaven saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased. (Matthew 3:16-17)
The Holy Spirit is not an "it". He is referred to in the Bible with personal pronouns. Jesus spoke of the Holy Spirit as "He.” Jesus said:
-He shall speak of me: John 15:26.
-I will send Him unto you: John 16:7.
-He shall glorify me: John 16:14.
-He shall not speak of Himself: John 16:13.
The relation of the Holy Spirit to the Father is revealed in the following references in the Bible. He is called:
-The Spirit of God: Genesis 1:2; Matthew 3:16.
-The Spirit of the Lord: Luke 4:18.
-The Spirit of Jehovah: Judges 3:10.
-The Spirit of the Lord God: Isaiah 61:1.
-The Spirit of the Living God: 2 Corinthians 3:3.
The relation of the Holy Spirit to Jesus is revealed in the following references in the Bible. He is called:
-The Spirit of Christ: Romans 8:9.
-The Spirit of Jesus Christ: Philippians 1:19.
-The Spirit of Jesus: Acts 16:7 .
-The Spirit of His Son: Galatians 4:6.
-The Spirit of the Lord: Acts 5:9; 8:39.
NATURE OF THE HOLY SPIRIT
When we speak of the nature of the Holy Spirit, we are referring to the basic qualities which describe Him. The Bible teaches that the Holy Spirit is:
Omnipresent.
He is present everywhere:
Whither shall I go from thy Spirit? or whither shall I flee from thy presence?
(Psalms 139:7)
Omniscient.
He knows all things:
But God hath revealed them unto us by His Spirit; for the Spirit searcheth all things, yea the deep things of God. For what man knoweth the things of a man, save the spirit of man
which is in him? even so the things of God knoweth no man, but the Spirit of God.
(1 Corinthians 2:10-11)
Omnipotent.
The Holy Spirit is all powerful:
God hath spoken once; twice have I heard this; that power belongeth unto God.
(Psalms 62:11)
But ye shall receive power after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you... (Acts 1:8)
Eternal.
He is everlasting. He had no beginning and will have no ending:
How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without spot to God, purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God? (Hebrews 9:14)
Holy.
The Holy Spirit is just that--Holy, which means He is righteous:
Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord, which was made of the seed of David according to the flesh; And declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the spirit of holiness , by the resurrection from the dead. (Romans 1:3-4)
Truthful.
The Father, Son, and Spirit all bear witness to the truth:
For there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one. (1 John 5:7)
THE PERSONALITY OF THE HOLY SPIRIT
The Holy Spirit is part of the triune nature of God, but the Holy Spirit also has an individual personality. The Bible reveals that the Holy Spirit...
Has A Mind/Intellect.
And He that searcheth the hearts knoweth what is the mind of the Spirit... (Romans 8:27)
Searches Out The Human Mind.
But God hath revealed them unto us by His Spirit; for the Spirit searcheth all things, yea, the deep things of God. (1 Corinthians 2:10)
Has A Will.
But all these worketh that one and the selfsame Spirit, dividing to every man severally as He will. (1 Corinthians 12:11)
The will of the Holy Spirit guides believers by denying permission for certain actions:
Now when they had gone throughout Phrygia and the region of Galatia, and were forbidden of the Holy Ghost to preach the word in Asia, After they were come to Mysia, they assayed to go into Bithynia; but the Spirit suffered them not. (Acts 16:6-7)
The will of the Holy Spirit also guides believers by granting permission:
And after he had seen the vision, immediately we endeavored to go into Macedonia, assuredly gathering that the Lord had called us for to preach the Gospel unto them. (Acts 16:10)
Speaks.
He spoke to Philip:
Then the Spirit said unto Philip, Go near, and join thyself to this chariot. (Acts 8:29)
He spoke to Peter:
While Peter thought on the vision, the Spirit said unto him, Behold, three men seek thee. (Acts 10:19)
He spoke to the elders in the city of Antioch:
As they ministered to the Lord, and fasted, the Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have called them. (Acts 13:2)
Revelation chapters 2 and 3 records several messages spoken by the Holy Spirit to seven churches in Asia.
Loves.
Now I beseech you, brethren, for the Lord Jesus Christ's sake, and for the love of the Spirit, that ye strive together with me in your prayers to God for me. (Romans 15:30)
Intercedes.
One of the personality traits of the Holy Spirit is that He is an intercessor:
Likewise the Spirit also helpeth our infirmities; for we know not what we should pray for as we ought; but the Spirit itself maketh intercession for us with groanings which cannot be uttered [spoken]. (Romans 8:26)
Has emotions.
The Holy Spirit is grieved by the sinful actions of believers. We are warned:
And grieve not the holy Spirit of God, whereby ye are sealed unto the day of redemption.
(Ephesians 4:30)
NAMES OF THE HOLY SPIRIT
In the Bible, names are used to confirm a person's position and/or function. The names given to the Holy Spirit in the Bible reveal much about His position and function. The Holy Spirit is called:
The Spirit Of God.
Know ye not that ye are the temple of God, and that the Spirit of God dwelleth in you?
(1 Corinthians 3:16)
The Spirit Of Christ.
But ye are not in the flesh, but in the Spirit, if so be that the Spirit of God dwell in you. Now if any man have not the Spirit of Christ, he is none of His. (Romans 8:9)
The Eternal Spirit.
The Holy Spirit is everlasting, with no beginning and no end:
How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without spot to God, purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God? (Hebrews 9:14)
The Spirit Of Truth.
The Holy Spirit is the source of truth which inspired God's Word, the Bible, and He reveals this truth to mankind:
Howbeit when He, the Spirit of truth, is come, He will guide you into all truth: for He shall not speak of Himself; but whatsoever He shall hear, that shall He speak; and He will show you things to come. (John 16:13)
The Spirit Of Grace.
Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy, who hath trodden under foot the Son of God, and hath counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy thing, and hath done despite unto the Spirit of grace. (Hebrews 10:29)
The Spirit Of Life.
For The Law Of The Spirit Of Life In Christ Jesus Hath Made Me Free From The Law Of Sin And Death. (Romans 8:2)
The Spirit Of Glory.
If ye be reproached for the name of Christ, happy are ye: for the Spirit of glory and of God resteth upon you. (1 Peter 4:14)
The Spirit Of Wisdom And Revelation.
The Holy Spirit gives wisdom to believers and reveals knowledge of Jesus Christ:
That the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give unto you the Spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of Him. (Ephesians 1:17)
The Comforter.
The Holy Spirit comforts believers in times of trouble, sorrow, and loneliness:
But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name... (John 14:26)
The Spirit Of Promise.
The Holy Spirit is the Spirit of promise because He is the Spirit that was sent to fulfill the promise of God:
And being assembled together with them, commanded them that they should not depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the promise of the Father, which saith, ye have heard of me.
For John truly baptized with water; but ye shall be baptized with the Holy Ghost not many days hence. (Acts 1:4-5)
The Spirit Of Holiness.
He is holy and sanctifies believers to enable their holiness:
And declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the Spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead. (Romans 1:4)
The Spirit Of Faith.
When you chose to believe, you have the same spirit of faith as other believers. They may attend different local churches of different denominations, but if they are true believers they all are united with other true believers by the spirit of faith.
We having the same spirit of faith, according as it is written, I believe and therefore have I spoken; we also believe, and therefore speak. (2 Corinthians 4:13)
The Spirit Of Adoption.
It is through the Holy Spirit that we are "adopted" into the family of God as the children of God:
For ye have not received the spirit of bondage again to fear; but ye have received the Spirit of adoption, whereby we cry, Abba, Father. (Romans 8:15)
EMBLEMS OF THE HOLY SPIRIT
The Bible uses several emblems to represent the Holy Spirit. An emblem is a symbol representing something which has a special meaning. The following are emblems used in the Bible to represent the Holy Spirit:
The Dove.
The Holy Spirit was revealed in the form of a dove at the time of the baptism of Jesus. This emblem of the Holy Spirit indicates approval, purity, and peace:
And John bare record, saying, I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and it abode upon Him. (John 1:32)
It indicates approval:
And John bare record, saying, I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and it abode upon Him. (John 1:32)
It represents peace:
And I said, Oh that I had wings like a dove! for then would I fly away, and be at rest. (Psalms 55:6)
It symbolizes purity:
My dove, my undefiled, is but one... (Song of Solomon 6:9)
Oil.
Oil is used in the Bible as a symbol or an emblem of the Holy Spirit. Oil indicates light, healing, and anointing for service. All of these are given to a believer through the Holy Spirit.
The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because He hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; He hath sent me to heal the broken-hearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised. (Luke 4:18)
How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power: who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the devil; for God was with Him. (Acts 10:38)
Thou hast loved righteousness, and hated iniquity; therefore God, even thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows. (Hebrews 1:9)
Water.
Water signifies the new life and cleansing from sin that the Holy Spirit brings to the believer. Jesus spoke of the Holy Spirit being like water:
In the last day, that great day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried, saying, If any man thirst let him come unto me, and drink. He that believeth on me, as the scripture hath said, out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water. But this spake He of the Spirit, which they that believe on Him should receive; for the Holy Ghost was not yet given; because that Jesus was not yet glorified. (John 7:37-39)
For I will pour water upon him that is thirsty, and floods upon the dry ground: I will pour my Spirit upon thy seed, and my blessing upon thine offspring. (Isaiah 44:3)
A Seal.
A seal is a special mark indicating ownership. It also indicates a finished transaction. The Holy Spirit has sealed believers as belonging to God. It indicates their salvation is a finished work.
In whom ye also trusted, after that ye heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation: in whom also, after that ye believed, were sealed with that Holy Spirit of promise. (Ephesians 1:13)
And grieve not the Holy Spirit of God, whereby ye are sealed unto the day of redemption. (Ephesians 4:30)
Who hath also sealed us, and given the earnest of the Spirit in our hearts.
(2 Corinthians 1:22)
Wind.
The wind is also an emblem of the Holy Spirit. It represents the power of the Holy Spirit:
The wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth; so is every one that is born of the Spirit.
(John 3:8)
And when the day of Pentecost was fully come, they were all with one accord in one place. And suddenly there came a sound from heaven as of a rushing mighty wind, and it filled all the house where they were sitting. (Acts 2:1-2)
You cannot see the wind, but you can certainly see visible effects of the wind. In the natural world the wind has special functions. These functions are natural parallels of the "wind" of the Holy Spirit in the spiritual world and include the facts that:
-Wind produces life: It scatters seeds as it blows and this brings new growth. The Holy Spirit produces life through the seeds of the Word of God as they are scattered in the hearts and minds of men.
-Wind separates the wheat from the chaff: It purifies as it blows away the debris. The Holy Spirit serves as a purifying power in the life of the believer.
-Wind fans dying coals and sets them ablaze: The wind of the Holy Spirit "fans" God's people in revival and makes them flaming fires of ministry to the world.
Fire.
Fire is another emblem of the Holy Spirit. It is manifested in the following ways:
-Fire symbolizes the presence of the Lord:
And the Angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a flame of fire out of the midst of the bush: and he looked, and behold, the bush burned with fire, and the bush was not consumed. (Exodus 3:2)
-Fire symbolizes the approval of the Lord:
And there came a fire out from before the Lord, and consumed upon the altar the burnt offering and the fat; and when the people saw, they shouted, and fell on their faces. (Leviticus 9:24)
-Fire provides protection and guidance:
And the Lord went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to lead them in the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light; to go by day and night. (Exodus 13:21)
-Fire purifies:
Read Isaiah 6:1-8 which relates how the Prophet Isaiah was purified by the fire of the Holy Spirit.
-Fire symbolizes the presence of the Holy Spirit:
When the Holy Spirit was first given, fire was used as a symbol of His presence:
And there appeared unto them cloven tongues like as of fire, and it sat upon each of them. (Acts 2:3)
-Fire represents judgment:
For our God is a consuming fire. (Hebrews 12:29)
A Pledge.
The Holy Spirit is the "first installment"--like a down payment--of future glory:
Which is the earnest of our inheritance until the redemption of the purchased possession, unto the praise of his glory. (Ephesians 1:14)
Now he which stablisheth us with you in Christ, and hath anointed us, is God; Who hath also sealed us, and given the earnest of the Spirit in our hearts. (2 Corinthians 1:21-22)
THE MINISTRY OF THE HOLY SPIRIT
Creation.
The Holy Spirit was active in creation of the earth:
And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. (Genesis 1:2)
Thou sendest forth thy spirit, they are created: and thou renewest the face of the earth. (Psalms 104:30)
Scriptures.
The Holy Spirit's ministry involves the written Word of God which is also called the Holy Scriptures or the Holy Bible. The Holy Spirit ministered by:
-Revelation:
He spoke to human writers the message of God:
For the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man but holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost. (2 Peter 1:21)
-Inspiration:
He guided these writers so the message would be accurate:
All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness; That the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good works. (2 Timothy 3:16-17)
-Illumination:
He enlightens human hearts to understand the message of the Gospel:
But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name, He shall teach you all things, and bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you. (John 14:26)
Israel.
The nation of Israel was chosen by God as a people through whom He could reveal Himself and fulfill His master plan in the world. It was through Israel that the Messiah came to save men from sin. From Jerusalem, the capital of Israel, the Gospel message spread throughout the world. The ministry of the Holy Spirit to Israel is evident from the very beginning of the nation. The Holy Spirit:
-Came upon the leaders of Israel. There are too many examples of this to list all of the incidents as part of this manual. As you study the Old Testament, you will note many references to the Spirit of the Lord coming upon leaders, priests, prophets, kings, and His people.
-Came upon Israel's places of worship.
Then a cloud covered the tent of the congregation, and the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle. (Exodus 40:34)
And it came to pass, when the priests were come out of the holy place, that the cloud filled the house of the Lord. (1 Kings 8:10)
-Guided them to the promised land.
Thou gavest also thy good spirit to instruct them, and withheldest not thy manna from their mouth, and gavest them water for their thirst. Yea, forty years didst thou sustain them in the wilderness so that they lacked nothing... (Nehemiah 9:20)
-Will come upon Israel during the tribulation. The tribulation is a future time of great trouble on the earth during which God will place a special mark of protection on Israel.
And I saw another angel ascending from the east, having the seal of the living God: and he cried with a loud voice to the four angels, to whom it was given to hurt the earth and the sea, saying, Hurt not the earth, neither the sea, nor the trees, till we have sealed the servants of our God in their foreheads. And I heard the number of them which were sealed: and there were sealed an hundred and forty and four thousand of all the tribes of the children of Israel. (Revelation 7:2-4)
-Will come upon Israel during the Millennium. The Millennium is a thousand years of peace during which Jesus will reign on the earth:
And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and supplications: and they shall look upon me whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn for Him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for Him, as one that is in bitterness for his firstborn. (Zechariah 12:10)
Satan.
The Holy Spirit is the restraining spiritual force that limits the power of Satan:
...When the enemy shall come in like a flood, the Spirit of the Lord shall lift up a standard against him. (Isaiah 59:19)
When the Holy Spirit is removed from the world, then the spirit of the Antichrist, an evil world ruler, will seize control for a period of time.
For the mystery of iniquity doeth already work: only he who now letteth will let, until he be taken out of the way. And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume, with the spirit of His mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of His coming; Even him, whose coming is after the working of Satan with all power and signs and lying wonders. And with all deceivableness of unrighteousness in them that perish; because they received not the love of the truth, that they might be saved, And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion that they should believe a lie; That they all might be damned who believed not the truth but had pleasure in unrighteousness.
(2 Thessalonians 2:7-12)
Jesus.
The ministry of the Holy Spirit was evident in the life of Jesus. Jesus was:
-Conceived By The Spirit:
And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee; therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God. (Luke 1:35)
Now the birth of Jesus Christ was on this wise, when as his mother Mary was espoused to Joseph, before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy Ghost... Behold, the angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a dream, saying, Joseph, thou son of David, fear not to take unto thee Mary thy wife: for that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Ghost. (Matthew 1:18,20)
-Anointed By The Spirit:
And Jesus, when He was baptized, went up straightway out of the water: and, lo, the heavens were opened unto Him, and He saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove, and lighting upon Him... (Matthew 3:16)
The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because He hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor, He hath sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance to the captives and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised... (Luke 4:18)
How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power: who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the devil; for God was with Him. (Acts 10:38)
Thou hast loved righteousness, and hated iniquity; therefore God, even thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows. (Hebrews 1:9)
-Sealed By The Spirit:
Labour not for the meat which perisheth, but for that meat which endureth unto everlasting life, which the Son of man shall give unto you: for Him hath God the Father sealed. (John 6:27)
-Led By The Spirit:
Then was Jesus led up of the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted of the devil. (Matthew 4:1)
-Empowered By The Spirit:
But if I cast out devils by the Spirit of God, then the kingdom of God is come unto you. (Matthew 12:28)
-Filled By The Spirit:
And Jesus, being full of the Holy Ghost returned from Jordan, and was led by the Spirit into the wilderness. (Luke 4:1)
For He whom God hath sent speaketh the words of God; for God giveth not the Spirit by measure unto Him. (John 3:34)
-Troubled In The Spirit:
When Jesus therefore saw her weeping, and the Jews also weeping which came with her, He groaned in the spirit and was troubled. (John 11:33)
-Rejoiced In The Spirit:
In that hour Jesus rejoiced in spirit and said, I thank thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them unto babes: even so, Father; for so it seemed good in thy sight. (Luke 10:21)
-Offered Through The Spirit:
How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without spot to God, purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God? (Hebrews 9:14)
-Raised By The Spirit:
For Christ also hath once suffered for sins, the just for the unjust, that He might bring us to God, being put to death in the flesh, but quickened by the Spirit. (1 Peter 3:18)
And declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the Spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead. (Romans 1:4)
-Commanded His Disciples Through The Spirit:
Until the day in which He was taken up, after that He through the Holy Ghost had given commandments unto the apostles whom he had chosen. (Acts 1:2)
Sinners.
The Holy Spirit's ministry concerning sinners was described by Jesus:
Nevertheless I tell you the truth; It is expedient for you that I go away; for if I go not away, the Comforter will not come unto you; but if I depart, I will send Him unto you. And when He is come, He will reprove the world of sin, and of righteousness, and of judgment: Of sin, because they believe not on me; Of righteousness because I go to my Father and ye see me no more; Of judgment because the prince of this world is judged. (John 16:7-11)
The Church.
The Holy Spirit serves several purposes in the Church. He...
-Formed It:
Now therefore ye are no more strangers and foreigners, but fellow citizens with the saints, and of the household of God; And are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ Himself being the chief corner stone; In whom all the building fitly framed together groweth unto a holy temple in the Lord; In whom ye also are builded together for a habitation of God through the Spirit. (Ephesians 2:19-22)
-Inspires Its Worship:
For we are the circumcision, which worship God in the Spirit, and rejoice in Christ Jesus, and have no confidence in the flesh. (Philippians 3:3)
-Directs Its Missionary Activities:
Then the Spirit said unto Philip, Go near, and join thyself to this chariot. (Acts 8:29)
Now when they had gone throughout Phrygia and the region of Galatia, and were forbidden of the Holy Ghost to preach the word in Asia, After they were come to Mysia, they assayed to go into Bithynia; but the Spirit suffered them not. And after he had seen the vision, immediately we endeavored to go into Macedonia, assuredly gathering that the Lord had called us for to preach the gospel unto them. (Acts 16:6,7,10)
As they ministered to the Lord, and fasted, the Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have called them. So they, being sent forth by the Holy Ghost, departed unto Seleucia; and from thence they sailed to Cyprus.
(Acts 13:2,4)
-Selects Its Ministers:
Take heed therefore unto yourselves, and to all the flock, over the which the Holy Ghost hath made you overseers, to feed the church of God, which He hath purchased with His own blood. (Acts 20:28)
-Anoints Its Preachers:
And my speech and my preaching was not with enticing words of man's wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit and of power. (1 Corinthians 2:4)
-Guides Its Decisions:
For it seemed good to the Holy Ghost and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things. (Acts 15:28)
-Baptizes It With Power:
And when the day of Pentecost was fully come, they were all with one accord in one place. And suddenly there came a sound from heaven as of a rushing mighty wind, and it filled all the house where they were sitting. And there appeared unto them cloven tongues like as a fire, and it sat upon each of them. And they were all filled with the Holy Ghost and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance. (Acts 2:1-4)
Believers.
The Holy Spirit serves an important purpose in the lives of believers. He...
-Convicts:
It is the Holy Spirit that convicts of sin to draw men and women to Jesus. You could not become a believer without this ministry of the Spirit:
And when He is come, He will reprove the world of sin, and of righteousness, and of judgment: Of sin, because they believe not on me; Of righteousness, because I go to My Father and ye see me no more; Of judgment, because the prince of this world is judged. (John 16:8-11)
-Regenerates:
The Holy Spirit changes your life when you become a believer:
Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to His mercy He saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost. (Titus 3:5)
Jesus answered and said unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God. Nicodemus saith unto Him, How can a man be born when he is old? can he enter the second time into his mother's womb, and be born? Jesus answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit. Marvel not that I said unto thee, Ye must be born again. (John 3:3-7)
-Sanctifies:
The Holy Spirit takes the person who has been changed by the new-birth experience and enables them to live righteously:
But we are bound to give thanks alway to God for you, brethren, beloved of the Lord, because God hath from the beginning chosen you to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth...(2 Thessalonians 2:13)
-Baptizes:
And they were all filled with the Holy Ghost and began to speak in other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance. (Acts 2:4)
-Dwells Within:
The purpose of this indwelling is to strengthen the new nature received through salvation:
What! Know ye not that your body is the temple of the Holy Ghost which is in you, which ye have of God, and ye are not your own? (1 Corinthians 6:19)
Know ye not that ye are the temple of God, and that the Spirit of God dwelleth in you?
(1 Corinthians 3:16)
Therefore if any man be in Christ, he is a new creature; old things are passed away; behold all things are become new. (2 Corinthians 5:17)
This I say then, Walk in the Spirit, and ye shall not fulfill the lust of the flesh. For the flesh lusteth against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh; and these are contrary the one to the other; so that ye cannot do the things that ye would. But if ye be led of the Spirit, ye are not under the law. (Galatians 5:16-18)
-Strengthens:
That He would grant you, according to the riches of His glory, to be strengthened with might by His Spirit in the inner man. (Ephesians 3:16)
-Unites:
The Holy Spirit makes a believer one in spirit with God and other believers. This is called the "unity of the Spirit":
But he that is joined unto the Lord is one spirit. (1 Corinthians 6:17)
For as the body is one, and hath many members, and all the members of that one body, being many are one body: so also is Christ. For by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body, whether we be Jews or Gentiles, whether we be bond or free; and have been all made to drink into one Spirit. (1 Corinthians 12:12-13)
-Intercedes:
Likewise the Spirit also helpeth our infirmities: for we know not what we should pray for as we ought: but the Spirit itself maketh intercession for us with groanings which cannot be uttered. (Romans 8:26)
But ye, beloved, building up yourselves on your most holy faith, praying in the Holy Ghost. (Jude 20)
Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit, and watching thereunto with all perseverance and supplication for all saints. (Ephesians 6:18)
-Guides:
Howbeit when He, the Spirit of truth, is come, He will guide you into all truth; for He shall not speak of Himself; but whatsoever He shall hear, that shall He speak; and He will show you things to come. (John 16:13)
For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, they are the sons of God. (Romans 8:14)
-Demonstrates Love:
The Holy Spirit shows the love of Christ to and through the believer:
And hope maketh not ashamed; because the love of God is shed abroad in our hearts by the Holy Ghost which is given unto us. (Romans 5:5)
-Conforms To The Image Of Christ:
But we all, with open face beholding as in a glass the glory of the Lord, are changed into the same image from glory to glory, even as by the Spirit of the Lord.
(2 Corinthians 3:18)
-Reveals Truth:
But God hath revealed them unto us by His Spirit: for the Spirit searcheth all things, yea, the deep things of God. (1 Corinthians 2:10)
-Teaches:
But the anointing which ye have received of Him abideth in you, and ye need not that any man teach you: but as the same anointing teacheth you of all things, and is truth, and is no lie, and even as it hath taught you, ye shall abide in Him. (1 John 2:27)
-Assures Of Salvation:
The Spirit itself beareth witness, with our spirit, that we are the children of God. (Romans 8:16)
And he that keepeth His commandments dwelleth in Him, and He in him. And hereby we know that He abideth in us, by the Spirit which He hath given us. (1 John 3:24)
-Gives Liberty:
For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus hath made me free from the law of sin and death. (Romans 8:2)
Now the Lord is that Spirit: and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty. (2 Corinthians 3:17)
-Comforts:
...and walking in the fear of the Lord, and in the comfort of the Holy Ghost... (Acts 9:31)
Even the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it seeth Him not, neither knoweth Him; but ye know Him; for He dwelleth with you, and shall be in you...But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name, He shall teach you all things and bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you. (John 14:17,26)
-Quickens:
But if the Spirit of Him that raised up Jesus from the dead dwell in you, He that raised up
Christ from the dead shall also quicken [empower, give new life, resurrect] your mortal
bodies by His Spirit that dwelleth in you. (Romans 8:11)
-Speaks:
But when they shall lead you, and deliver you up, take no thought beforehand what ye shall speak, neither do ye premeditate; but whatsoever shall be given you in that hour, that speak ye: for it is not ye that speak, but the Holy Ghost. (Mark 13:11)
-Demonstrates God's Power:
And my speech and my preaching was not with enticing words of man's wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit and of power; That your faith should not stand in the wisdom of men but in the power of God. (1 Corinthians 2:4-5)
-Inspires Worship:
God is a Spirit: and they that worship Him must worship Him in spirit and in truth. (John 4:24)
-Empowers For Witnessing:
The power to witness is the true evidence that one has been baptized in the Holy Spirit.
But ye shall receive power, after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you; and ye shall be witnesses unto me both in Jerusalem, and in all Judaea, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost parts of the earth. (Acts 1:8)
-Gives Spiritual Gifts And Fruit:
The Holy Spirit gives spiritual gifts to believers. These are specific abilities to enable them to function effectively as part of the Church. The Holy Spirit also develops spiritual fruit in a believer's life. Spiritual fruit refers to the nature of the Holy Spirit in the life of a believer.
BAPTISM OF THE HOLY SPIRIT
There are seven passages in the New Testament where the word "baptize" is used in relation to the Holy Spirit. Four of these are the words of John the Baptist recorded in the Gospels:
I indeed baptize you with water unto repentance: but he that cometh after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear: He shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost, and with fire. (Matthew 3:11)
I indeed have baptized you with water: but He shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost. (Mark 1:8)
John answered, saying unto them all, I indeed baptize you with water; but one mightier than I cometh, the latchet of whose shoes I am not worthy to unloose; He shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost and with fire. (Luke 3:16)
And I knew Him not: but He that sent me to baptize with water, the same said unto me, Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending and remaining on Him, the same is He which baptizeth with the Holy Ghost. (John 1:33)
Jesus also spoke of the baptism of the Holy Ghost:
For John truly baptized with water; but ye shall be baptized with the Holy Ghost not many days hence. (Acts 1:5)
When Peter spoke of events which took place in the home of Cornelius he quoted the words of Jesus:
Then remembered I the word of the Lord, how that He said, John indeed baptized with water; but ye shall be baptized with the Holy Ghost. (Acts 11:16)
Paul also used the word "baptize" in relation to the Holy Spirit:
For by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body, whether we be Jews or Gentiles, whether we be bond or free; and have been all made to drink into one Spirit.
(1 Corinthians 12:13)
The phrase "to baptize into" the Holy Spirit is the same wording used to describe Christian baptism in water. In both cases baptism is an outward confirmation of an inward spiritual experience.
The baptism of the Holy Spirit was given during a Jewish observance called the feast of Pentecost. For this reason, baptism in the Holy Spirit is often called a "Pentecostal experience" and the time of the giving of the Spirit called "the day of Pentecost.”
The Holy Spirit came down from Heaven and completely immersed (baptized) believers assembled in the upper room of a house in Jerusalem. They had been waiting or "tarrying" for His coming as they had been commanded to do by Jesus. Peter said this experience was the fulfillment of God's promise given through the Prophet Joel: "In the last days...I will pour out of my Spirit upon all flesh.”
And it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out my Spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see visions; And also upon the servants and upon the handmaids in those days will I pour out my spirit. (Joel 2:28-29)
Male and female, young and old were to be included in this outpouring of the Holy Spirit. They were to prophesy, dream dreams, and see visions. God's Spirit was to empower both servants (men) and handmaidens (women). On the day the Holy Spirit was given, Peter said:
Repent and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost. For the promise is unto you, and to your children, and to all that are afar off, even as many as the Lord our God shall call. (Acts 2:38-39)
Peter's words revealed that the promise of the Holy Spirit was:
-A national promise: "Unto you" (the Jewish people).
-A generational promise: "Your children.”
-A universal promise: "To all that are afar off.”
There are three places in the New Testament where we are told what happened when people were baptized in the Holy Spirit:
The Day Of Pentecost.
Acts 2:2-4 is the record of what happened on the day of Pentecost:
And suddenly there came a sound from heaven as of a rushing mighty wind, and it filled all the house where they were sitting. And there appeared unto them cloven tongues like as of fire, and it sat upon each of them. And they were all filled with the Holy Ghost, and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance. (Acts 2:2-4)
At The House Of Cornelius.
Acts 10:44-46 is the record of what happened when Peter preached the Gospel to a man named Cornelius and his family:
While Peter yet spoke these words, the Holy Ghost fell on all them which heard the word.
And they of the circumcision which believed were astonished, as many as came with Peter, because that on the Gentiles also was poured out the gift of the Holy Ghost. For they heard them speak with tongues, and magnify God... (Acts 10:44-46)
The Converts At Ephesus.
Acts 19:6 describes what happened to the first group of converts at Ephesus:
And when Paul had laid his hands upon them, the Holy Ghost came on them; and they spake with tongues and prophesied. (Acts 19:6)
As we compare these passages there is one physical sign which is common to all three: Those who received the baptism of the Holy Spirit spoke with other tongues. Other supernatural signs of the Holy Spirit are mentioned, but none of these were evident on all three occasions.
On the day of Pentecost, the sound of a rushing wind was heard and visible tongues of fire were seen. These were not recorded on the other two occasions. At Ephesus the new converts prophesied. This is not mentioned as having occurred on the day of Pentecost or in the house of Cornelius.
The one outward sign which the apostles observed in the experience of Cornelius and his household was that they spoke with tongues. This physical sign was proof to the disciples that this family had been baptized in the Holy Spirit. From these Biblical records we conclude that the physical sign of speaking in tongues through the power of the Holy Spirit confirms that a person has been baptized in the Holy Spirit.
The sign of "tongues" can be languages known to man. This is what happened on the day of Pentecost:
...And they were all amazed and marvelled, saying one to another, Behold are not all these which speak Galilaeans? And how hear we every man in our own tongue, wherein we were born? (Acts 2:7-8)
Tongues can also be a language not known to man. This is called an unknown tongue:
For he that speaketh in an unknown tongue speaketh not unto men, but unto God: for no man understandeth him; howbeit in the spirit he speaketh mysteries. (1 Corinthians 14:2)
THE GIFTS OF THE HOLY SPIRIT
The word "spiritual" means "characterized or controlled by the Holy Spirit.” A spiritual gift is a supernatural ability given by the Holy Spirit to a believer to enable them to minister as part of the Body of Christ.
The leadership gifts of the Holy Spirit include apostles, prophets, evangelists, pastors, and teachers. Speaking gifts of the Holy Spirit include prophecy, teaching, exhortation, the word of wisdom, and the word of knowledge. Serving gifts of the Holy Spirit include serving, helps, leadership, administration, giving, showing mercy, discerning spirits, faith, and hospitality. Sign gifts of the Holy Spirit include tongues, interpretation, miracles, and healing. For additional studies on the gifts, see the Harvestime course on "Ministry Of The Holy Spirit".
The purposes of the gifts of the Holy Spirit are listed in Ephesians 4:12-15:
For the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ; Till we all come in the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ: That we henceforth be no more children, tossed to and fro, and carried about with every wind of doctrine by the slight of men, and cunning craftiness, whereby they lie in wait to deceive;
But speaking the truth in love, may grow up into Him in all things, which is the head, even Christ. (Ephesians 4:12-15)
According to this passage, the purposes of the Holy Spirit are to:
-Perfect the saints.
-Promote the work of the ministry.
-Edify Christ and the Church.
The objectives or goals of spiritual gifts are that we will:
-Become united in the faith.
-Develop our knowledge of Christ.
-Develop in perfection, with Christ as our model.
-Become stable, not deceived by false doctrines.
-Mature spiritually in Christ.
Each believer has at least one spiritual gift:
As every man hath received the gift, even so minister the same one to another, as good stewards of the manifold grace of God. (1 Peter 4:10)
But the manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal. But all these worketh that one and the selfsame Spirit, dividing to every man severally as He will.
(1 Corinthians 12:7,11)
The main passages identifying spiritual gifts are:
-Romans 12:1-8 -1 Corinthians 12:1-31
-Ephesians 4:1-16 -1 Peter 4:7-11
Remember that these gifts are special abilities from God to minister in different ways. While there may be some evidences of these in your life, it does not necessarily mean you have a certain gift. For example, all believers are to give to the work of the Lord with tithes and offerings, but the gift of giving is an unusual generosity prompted by the Spirit of God. All believers have a measure of faith according to the Word of God. But the gift of faith is a special ability to believe beyond that of the ordinary Christian.
Some people claim that all of the spiritual gifts listed in the Bible are not for the Church today. They believe some gifts like prophecy, tongues, miracles, etc., were only for the early Church. They often use 1 Corinthians 13:10 to support their opinions:
But when that which is perfect is come, then that which is in part shall be done away.
(1 Corinthians 13:10)
These people say that once the Church was established, there was no longer a need for some of these more miraculous gifts. What they fail to note is that knowledge is also mentioned in the same passage as being "vanished" or done away with:
...whether there be prophecies, they shall fail; whether there be tongues, they shall cease; whether there be knowledge, it shall vanish away. (1 Corinthians 13:8)
If we use this verse to say tongues, interpretation, and prophecy are no longer needed, then we must also say knowledge is no longer needed. This passage actually refers to a future time when the perfect Kingdom of God is established on earth. Since what is perfect will come at that time, we will have no need of any of the spiritual gifts then, because...
...He will dwell with them, and they shall be His people, and God Himself shall be with them, and be their God. (Revelation 21:3)
We will have no need of messages through prophecy, tongues, or interpretation, for we will be dwelling with the God who inspires such messages. We will have no need of words of wisdom or knowledge, for we will be living with the source of knowledge. We will not need discerning of spirits, for...
...there shall no wise enter into it any thing that defileth...but they which are written in the Lamb's book of life. (Revelation 21:27)
There will be no need for gifts of healing for...
...In the midst of the street of it, and on either side of the river, was there the tree of life...for the healing of the nations. (Revelation 22:2)
Also recall the purposes and objectives of spiritual gifts given in Ephesians 4:12-15. The purposes are for perfecting the saints, promoting the work of the ministry, and edifying Christ and the Church. The purposes for which the gifts were given still remain. The saints still need to be perfected, the Gospel still needs to be extended to the ends of the earth, and Christ and the Church need to be edified. The objectives--that we will be united in the faith; develop in our knowledge of Christ; develop in perfection with Christ as our model; become stable, not deceived by false doctrines; and mature spiritually in Christ--still need to be fulfilled.
God would not give spiritual gifts for these specific purposes and objectives and then remove them without these things being accomplished.
-Are all believers united in the faith?
-Has everyone developed fully in the knowledge of Christ?
-Are we all perfected?
-Are our Church members stable and not being deceived by false doctrines?
-Are all our Church members spiritually mature?
The answer to all of these questions is "no.” For this reason we know all of the spiritual gifts are still for today. God gave spiritual gifts to accomplish certain purposes in the Church. He will not withdraw any of these gifts without these purposes being accomplished. The Bible also says that the "gifts and callings of God are without repentance" (Romans 11:29). This means God will not change His mind and take back a spiritual gift or calling He has given.
THE FRUIT OF THE HOLY SPIRIT
The fruit of the Holy Spirit refers to the development of the nature of the Spirit revealed in the life of the believer, spiritual qualities which should be evident in the lives of all Christians. The gifts of the Holy Spirit are for power. The fruit of the Holy Spirit is for the development of character in the life of a believer. Here are the qualities or "spiritual fruit" that should be developing in the lives of true believers: "But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, Meekness, temperance: against such there is no law" (Galatians 5:22-23). For further study on this subject see the Harvestime International Institute course entitled "Ministry Of The Holy Spirit".
SELF-TEST
1. Define Pneumatology.
________________________________________
________________________________________
2. What does the study of Pneumatology include?
________________________________________
________________________________________
3. Why is the study of Pneumatology important?
________________________________________
________________________________________
4. Using the section on "The Deity Of The Holy Spirit" in this chapter, summarize what you learned regarding this subject.
________________________________________
________________________________________
5. What do the following terms reveal regarding the nature of the Holy Spirit?
-Omnipresent:________________________________________
-Omniscient: ________________________________________
-Omnipotent: ________________________________________
-Eternal: ________________________________________
-Holy:________________________________________
-Truthful:________________________________________
6. Using the section in this chapter on "The Personality Of The Holy Spirit", list seven things you learned about the personality of the Holy Spirit.
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
7. Using the section in this chapter on "The Names Of The Holy Spirit", list 13 names that reflect His position and function.
_______________________________ ____________________________________
_______________________________ ____________________________________
_______________________________ ____________________________________
_______________________________ ____________________________________
_______________________________ ____________________________________
_______________________________ ____________________________________
____________________________________
8. Using the section in this chapter on "The Emblems Of The Holy Spirit", list seven emblems that represent Him and explain the meaning of each.
_______________________________ ____________________________________
_______________________________ ____________________________________
_______________________________ ____________________________________
_______________________________
9. Summarize the ministry of the Holy Spirit in relation to:
-Creation:________________________________________
________________________________________
-The Scriptures:________________________________________
________________________________________
-Israel:________________________________________
________________________________________
-Satan:________________________________________
________________________________________
-Jesus: ________________________________________
________________________________________
-Sinners: ________________________________________
________________________________________
-The Church:________________________________________
________________________________________
-Believers:________________________________________
________________________________________
10. Using the section entitled "Baptism Of the Holy Spirit", list seven New Testament passages that refer to the baptism of the Holy Spirit.
_______________________________ ____________________________________
_______________________________ ____________________________________
_______________________________ ____________________________________
_______________________________
11. Summarize what you learn about the baptism of the Holy Spirit in Joel 2:28-29.
________________________________________
________________________________________
12. To whom is the promise of Acts 2:38-39 given?
________________________________________
13. List three passages in the New Testament which describe what happened when people were baptized in the Holy Spirit. What manifestation was common to all three?
________________________________________
14. What are two manifestations of the sign of tongues?
________________________________________
________________________________________
15. What is meant by a "spiritual gift"?
________________________________________
16. List the gifts of the Holy Spirit.
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
17. According to Ephesians 4:12-15, what are three purposes of the Holy Spirit?
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
18. According to Ephesians 4:12-15, what are five objectives of the Holy Spirit?
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
19. Give two references that confirm that each believer has at least one spiritual gift.
________________________________________
________________________________________
20. List the main passages that identify the spiritual gifts.
________________________________________
________________________________________
21. How can you refute the claims of some people that all of the spiritual gifts listed in the Bible are not for the Church today?
________________________________________
________________________________________
22. What is meant by "the fruit of the Holy Spirit"? How do these qualities compare with spiritual gifts?
________________________________________
________________________________________
23. Using Galatians 5:22-23, list the fruit of the Holy Spirit.
________________________________________
________________________________________
(Answers to tests are provided at the conclusion of the final chapter in this manual.)
SUPPLEMENTAL STUDIES
1. Study further on the Holy Spirit's involvement in the revelation and inspiration of scripture:
-2 Timothy 3:16, 17
-2 Peter 1:19-21
-1 Corinthians 2:9-13; 14:37
-John 14:26; 16:14
-Ephesians 2:20
-1 Timothy 5:18
-2 Peter 3:16
-Romans 16:26
2. In Old Testament times, the Holy Spirit did not permanently indwell believers, but came upon men and women of God for a period of time for specific purposes. Study these examples:
-Joseph: Genesis 41:38
-Joshua: Numbers 27:18
-Daniel: Daniel 4:8; 5:11-14; 6:3
-Samson: Judges 14:6
-David: 1 Samuel 16:13
-Bezalel: Exodus 31:3; 35:31
3. In New Testament times, the Holy Spirit came to indwell believers permanently.
To be "filled with the Holy Spirit" or "indwelt" by Him means to be controlled by the Spirit. Study the following verses:
-Luke 4:28; 5:26; 6:11
-Acts chapter 2; 3:10; 5:17; 6:3,5; 7:55; 11:24; 13:45, 52; 19:29
-Romans 15:13, 14
-2 Corinthians 7:4
-Philippians 1:11
-Ephesians 5:18
4. Use the Harvestime International Network course entitled "Ministry Of The Holy Spirit" to study the following subjects in depth and expand your knowledge of Pneumatology.
-The personality of the Holy Spirit.
-Names and titles of the Holy Spirit.
-Emblems representing the Holy Spirit.
-The ministry of the Holy Spirit.
-The baptism of the Holy Spirit.
-The gifts of the Spirit.
-The fruit of the Spirit
CHAPTER FOUR
ANGEOLOGY
Angels
DEFINITION
The term “angelology” comes from two Greek terms, namely, aggelos meaning “messenger” or “angel” and logos meaning “word, matter, or thing.” In Christian theology the term refers to the study of the biblical doctrine of angels. Angelology studies the origin, organization, classification, attributes, and ministry of angels. Some theologians combine the study of Satan's evil angels under this heading, but we will consider this in a separate chapter entitled "Demonology".
THE ORIGIN OF ANGELS
Angels are ministering spirits sent by God to do His will:
Are they not all ministering spirits, sent forth to minister for them who shall be heirs of salvation. (Hebrews 1:14)
The title "angel" means messenger. Angels were created by God:
Praise ye Him, all His angels: praise ye Him, all His hosts...Let them praise the name of the Lord: For He commanded and they were created. (Psalms 148:2 and 5)
For by Him were all things created, that are in Heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers: all things were created by Him and for Him. (Colossians 1:16)
All of the angels were righteous and holy when they were first created. They worshiped and served the one true God. Later, some angels rebelled against God and lost their position as angels. They became part of a force of evil called "demons".
THE ORGANIZATION OF ANGELS
There are two kinds of angels: Good angels--the angels of God which are the subject of this chapter--and evil angels (demons) which will be discussed under the subject of Demonology.
God has organized His angels in a special order. The Bible does not reveal the details of that order, but it does indicate such organization:
For by Him were all things created, that are in Heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers: all things were created by Him and for Him. (Colossians 1:16; See also Ephesians 3:10)
The organization of the invisible world is described here in terms of thrones, dominions, principalities, and powers. We are not given details of this structure. We know that they sometimes function in large companies (Psalms 68:17; Matthew 26:53) and that they are innumerable (Hebrews 12:22).
THE CLASSIFICATION OF ANGELS
There are literally multitudes of angels (Luke 2:13-15) who are apparently classified according to the duties they perform. These are the main classifications of angels:
Messengers.
This class of angels is most likely the largest in number. These are the angels composing the innumerable group, visualized by Daniel (Daniel 7:10), who carry out the will of God in Heaven and earth. They interpret God's will, protect, provide guidance, bring answers to prayer, announce, warn, instruct, bring judgment, encourage, sustain, deliver, and intercede on behalf of believers.
Elect Angels.
Only one reference is made to elect angels in 1 Timothy 5:21. There is no further information given about this group.
Cherubim.
This classification of angels is first mentioned in Genesis 3:24 in relation to the expulsion of Adam and Eve from Eden. They are also mentioned as part of the ark of the covenant (Exodus 25:18-22). Ezekiel mentions these beings and describes them as having four appearances: The face of a lion, the face of an ox, the face of a man, and the face of an eagle (Ezekiel 1:3-28; 10:22). This symbolism of the cherubim suggests they are the living creatures surrounding the throne of God in Revelation 4:6. They appear to be the highest order of angels, the guardians of God.
The two cherubim placed on the mercy seat of the ark are called the “cherubim of glory” (Hebrews 9:5). They were placed one at each end of the mercy-seat, with wings stretched upward, and their faces “toward each other and toward the mercy-seat.” They were anointed with holy oil, as was the ark and the sacred furniture. It was here that God manifested Himself on earth in Old Testament times and His visible glory rested. (1 Samuel 4:4; Psalm 80:1; Ezekiel 1:26, 28).
Seraphim.
Seraphim, whose name means "fiery ones", are mentioned in Isaiah 6:2,3,6,7. They are represented as standing above the King as He sat upon his throne, ready to minister unto Him. Their form appears to have been human, with the addition of wings.
Living Creatures.
This group of angels are mentioned in Ezekiel 1-10 and Revelation 4:6,8; 5:6. This title presents these angels as manifesting the fullness of divine life and their chief ministry appears to be worship of God. They are distinguished from the other angels (Revelation 15:7); they join the elders in a “new song” (Revelation 5:8, 9); they warn of divine justice (Isaiah 6:3-5); and deliver the commission to those who execute it (Ezekiel 10:2, 7). They are also with the elders and the hundred and forty-four thousand who sing the new song (Revelation 14:3), and with the Church in the overthrow of her enemies (Revelation 19:4).
Individual Angels.
There are two angels mentioned by name in the Bible:
-Michael: Michael, the archangel, is mentioned in Daniel 10:13,21; 12:1; Jude 9; and Revelation 12:7. He is the only angel who is called an archangel. He is represented as having charge over an army of angels in Revelation 12:7 and is said to be the prince of the people of Israel in Daniel 10:13,21; 12:1.
-Gabriel: The meaning of his name is "mighty one." He is mentioned in Daniel 8:16; 9:21; and in Luke 1:19,26. He is always used to deliver an important message from God. It is Gabriel who interpreted the vision for Daniel in 8:16; 9:21 and who announced the birth of John and Jesus Luke 1:19,26.
-The angel of Jehovah: This is believed to be appearances of Christ in the Old Testament.
Special Groups Of Angels.
The Bible also mentions special groups of angels which include:
-Angels of the seven churches: Revelation 1:20
-Four angels who control the winds: Revelation 1:7
-Seven angels who stand before God: Revelation 8:2
-Seven angels who administer the seven last plagues: Revelation 15:1,7
-Twenty-four elders--who may be angelic beings: Revelation 4 and 5
THE ATTRIBUTES OF ANGELS
Attributes--or traits--of God's angels include the following. They...
-Are spirits: Hebrews 1:14
-Are sexless: Luke 20:34-36
-Do not reproduce: Mark 12:25
-Are immortal: Matthew 22:28-30
-Have both visible and invisible forms: Numbers 22:22-35
-Appear with the likeness of human form when necessary: Genesis 19:1-22; 18:2,4,8
-Have emotions: Luke 15:1-10
-Have appetites: Genesis 18:8
-Are glorified beings: Luke 9:26
-Are intelligent: 2 Samuel 14:20
-Are meek: Jude 9
-Are powerful: Psalms 103:20; 2 Peter 2:11
-Have no need to rest: Revelation 4:8
-Travel at an unrecorded speed: Revelation 8:13; 9:1
-Speak different languages: 1 Corinthians 13:1
-Are innumerable: Luke 2:13; Hebrews 12:22; Psalms 68:17; Mark 1:13;
Revelation 5:19
-Are immortal: Luke 20:34-36
-Do not marry or have children: Luke 20:34-36
-Are obedient: Psalms 103:20
-Are holy: Revelation 14:10; Mark 8:38
-Are reverent: Their main activity is the worship of God. Nehemiah 9:6;
Philippians 2:9-11; Hebrews 1:6
-Are stronger than man, powerful but not omnipotent (all powerful): Psalm 103:20 and
2 Peter 2:11
-Can be visible or invisible: Numbers 22:22; Hebrews 13:2
-Are able to ascend and descend to and from Heaven: Genesis 28:12; John 1:51
THE MINISTRY OF ANGELS
Angels were active throughout the Old and New Testaments--see the Supplemental Studies section of this chapter.
Angels have access to the presence of God in Heaven:
...In Heaven their angels do always behold the face of my Father which is in
Heaven. (Matthew 18:10)
They are also active on earth. This is documented by the varied ministries and many appearances of angels recorded in the Bible.
Angels minister in many ways in both Heaven and earth, including special ministries to believers. Study the following biblical references.
The ministry of angels in Heaven includes:
-Worship: Revelation 4:8; 5:11-12; Isaiah 6:3; Psalms 103:20; 148:1-2
-Standing ready to do God's will: Psalms 103:20-21
-Ministering to the godly who have died in Christ Jesus: Jude 9; Luke 16:22
-Representing children in a special way: Matthew 18:10
-Rejoicing over those who accept the Gospel: Luke 15:10
The ministry of angels on earth includes:
-Ruling nations: Daniel 10
-Ministering to believers in times of testing: Matthew 4:11
-Strengthening believers: Luke 22:43
-Interpreting God's will for men: Zechariah 1:9; Daniel 7:16
-Guarding believers: Matthew 18:10
-Guiding believers: Acts 8:26
-Bringing judgment on individuals and nations: Acts 12:23; Genesis 19:3; 2 Samuel
24:16; Revelation 16:1
-Bringing answers to prayer: Daniel 9:21-22
-Announcing: Luke 1:11-20; Matthew 1:20, 21
-Warning: Matthew 2:13
-Instructing: Matthew 28:2-6; Acts 10:3-6; Daniel 4:13-17
-Encouraging: Acts 27:23; Genesis 28:12
-Revealing: Acts 7:53; Galatians 3:19; Hebrews 2:2; Daniel 9:21-27; Revelation 1:1
-Sustaining: Matthew 4:11; Luke 22:43
-Preserving: Genesis 16:7; 24:7; Exodus 23:20; Revelation 7:1
-Protecting: Psalms 91:11; 34:5-7
-Delivering: Numbers 20:16; Psalms 34:7; Isaiah 63:9; Daniel 3:28; 6:22; Genesis 19:15; 48:16; Matthew 26:53; Acts 12:1-19
-Destroying: Acts 12:20-23
-Interceding: Zechariah 1:12; Revelation 8:3,4
-Executing warfare in behalf of believers: Exodus 33:2
-Being active in evangelism: Acts 10:1-3,5; 8:25
-Empowering our worship: Psalm 148:2
-Escorting us in death: Luke 16:22; 1 Corinthians 15:26
The future activities of angels will include:
-Participating in the return of Jesus: 1 Thessalonians 4:16
-Gathering the elect: Matthew 24:31
-Warning and preaching during the tribulation: Revelation 14:6-9
-Separating the wicked from the righteous: Matthew 13:39 and 49
-Executing judgments: Revelation 8,9 and 16
-Binding Satan: Revelation 20
IMPORTANT WARNINGS
Angels are holy beings with important ministries on behalf of believers, but the Bible gives some important warnings concerning them:
Do Not Worship Angels.
You are not to worship angels:
Let no man beguile you of your reward in a voluntary humility and worshiping of angels, intruding into those things which he hath not seen, vainly puffed up by his fleshly mind. (Colossians 2:18)
And I John saw these things, and heard them. And when I had heard and seen, I fell down to worship before the feet of the angel which shewed me these things. Then saith he unto me, See thou do it not: for I am thy fellow servant and of thy brethren the prophets, and of them which keep the sayings of this book: Worship God. (Revelation 22:8-9)
Reject Angels Preaching "Another Gospel".
Some people have claimed to see angels who gave them a "new revelation" contrary to God's written Word. Entire religious movements have been founded on such false revelations. The Bible warns:
But though we, or an angel from Heaven, preach any other gospel unto you than that which we have preached unto you, let him be accursed. (Galatians 1:8)
You are not to listen to a man, an angel, or any other being that would guide you contrary to God's Word. The Bible warns:
And no marvel; for Satan himself is transformed into an angel of light.
(2 Corinthians 11:14)
Do Not Provoke The Angels.
Read the story of Balaam in Numbers 22, a prophet who was acting in disobedience to God. You will note that he was opposed by an angel of the Lord. When you are disobedient to God, the angels may actually hinder you. You will be fighting a battle, but it will not be warfare against the enemy. Be careful that you do not provoke the angels of God (Ecclesiastes 5:1-6).
SELF-TEST
1. Define Angelology.
________________________________________
________________________________________
2. What topics does the subject of Angelology include?
________________________________________
________________________________________
3. What does the word "angel" mean?
________________________________________
4. How did angels originate?
________________________________________
________________________________________
5. To whom are angels sent to minister?
________________________________________
6. What are the two kinds of angels?
________________________________________
________________________________________
7. How are the good angels organized?
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
8. Summarize what you learned regarding the following classifications of angels.
Messengers.
________________________________________
Elect angels.
________________________________________
Cherubim.
________________________________________
Seraphim.
________________________________________
Living creatures.
________________________________________
9. What two angels are mentioned by name in the Bible and what duties did they perform?
________________________________________
10. What special groups of angels are mentioned in the following passages?
____________________________________ Revelation 1:20
____________________________________ Revelation 1:7
____________________________________ Revelation 8:2
____________________________________ Revelation 15:1,7
____________________________________ Revelation 4 and 5
11. Look up the following passages and record what they teach regarding the attributes of God's angels.
___________________________ Hebrews 1:14
___________________________ Luke 20:34-36
___________________________ Mark 12:25
___________________________ Matthew 22:28-30
___________________________ Numbers 22:22-35
___________________________ Genesis 19:1-22; 18:2,4,8
___________________________ Luke 15:1-10
___________________________ Genesis 18:8
___________________________ Luke 9:26
___________________________ 2 Samuel 14:20
___________________________ Jude 9
___________________________ Psalms 103:20; 2 Peter 2:11
___________________________ Revelation 4:8
___________________________ Revelation 8:13; 9:1
___________________________ 1 Corinthians 13:1
___________________________ Luke 2:13; Hebrews 12:22; Psalms 68:17;
Mark 1:13; Revelation 5:19
___________________________ Luke 20:34-36
___________________________ Luke 20:34-36
___________________________ Psalms 103:20
___________________________ Revelation 14:10; Mark 8:38
___________________________ Nehemiah 9:6; Philippians 2:9-11;
Hebrews 1:6
___________________________ Psalm 103:20; 2 Peter 2:11.
___________________________ Numbers 22:22; Hebrews 13:2
__________________________ Genesis 28:12; John 1:51
12. Using the following verses, summarize the ministry of angels in Heaven.
___________________________ Revelation 4:8; 5:11-12; Isaiah 6:3;
Psalms 103:20; 148:1-2
___________________________ Psalms 103:20-21
___________________________ Jude 9; Luke 16:22
___________________________ Matthew 18:10
___________________________ Luke 15:10
13. Use the following verses to summarize the ministry of angels on earth.
___________________________ Daniel 10
___________________________ Matthew 4:11
___________________________ Luke 22:43
___________________________ Zechariah 1:9; Daniel 7:16
___________________________ Matthew 18:10
___________________________ Acts 8:26.
___________________________ Acts 12:23; Genesis 19:3; 2 Samuel 24:16; Revelation 16:1
___________________________ Daniel 9:21-22
___________________________ Luke 1:11-20; Matthew 1:20, 21
___________________________ Matthew 2:13